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. 2023 May 2;42(23):1875–1888. doi: 10.1038/s41388-023-02705-7

Fig. 2. The FGFR pathway—regulation and downstream signalling.

Fig. 2

Overview of the normal regulation of FGFR kinase activation and consequences of mutant FGFR expression in cancer. Under normal conditions, binding of FGF ligands, including 18 canonical and three endocrine FGFs, mediates receptor dimerisation and transphosphorylation resulting in activation of the kinase. Mutation of FGFR, commonly the result of gene amplification, mutation or gene fusion, results in constitutive activation of the kinase domain and aberrant downstream signalling, leading to activation of multiple pathways, notably PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK.