Table 1. Key events throughout the history of cardiac xenotransplantation.

Year	Summary
1964	First cardiac xenotransplantation (chimpanzee-to-human)3)
1964	HLA typing technology4)
1965	ABO cross-matching technology5)
1967	T-cell depletion using anti-thymocyte globulin6)
1967	First cardiac allotransplantation7)
1967	First cardiac allotransplantation in neonate8)
1976	Discovery of cyclosporine9),10)
1982	Use of cyclosporine after heart allotransplantation11)
1984	First neonatal cardiac xenotransplantation (baboon-to-human; “Baby Fae”)12)
1987	Discovery of tacrolimus14)
1991	Use of tacrolimus in heart allotransplantation15)
1991	Detailed description of mechanism of cross-species transplantation rejection16)
1995	First genetic engineering to combat hyperacute rejection17)
1998	First orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation using transgenic human CD55 expressing xenograft (pig-to-baboon)18)
2003	Production of α1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pigs19)
2005	Xenotransplantation using α1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pigs and CD40-CD40L costimulation blockade (pig-to-baboon)20)
2016	Heterotopic cardiac xenotransplantation using TKO pig with transgenic expression of human CD46 and human thrombomodulin along with anti-CD40 antibody: graft survival up to 945 days (pig-to-baboon)21)
2017	Production of inactivated porcine endogenous retrovirus pigs22)
2018	Introduction of non-ischemic continuous preservation of porcine xenograft to overcome perioperative cardiac xenograft dysfunction in orthotopic heart xenotransplantation (pig-to-baboon): graft survival up to 195 days22)
2021	Introduction of growth hormone receptor knockout to prevent post-transplantation xenograft overgrowth (pig-to-baboon)23)
2022	Orthotopic xenotransplantation using multigene edited pigs: graft survival up to 264 days (pig-to-baboon)24)
2022	First porcine-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation using 10 gene modified source2)

HLA = human leukocyte antigen; TKO = triple knock out.