Table 1.
The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of enrolled subjects according to eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine ratio
| Variable | Total (n=860) | <0.9 (n=81) | 0.9–1.1 (n=176) | >1.1 (n=603) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 55.2±9.3 | 59.1±9.5 | 56.7±9.5 | 54.3±9 | <0.001 |
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| Male sex | 447 (52) | 32 (39.5) | 83 (47.2) | 332 (55.1) | 0.011 |
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| DM duration, yr | 10.9±7.0 | 10.0±7.9 | 10.8±8.4 | 11.0±6.4 | 0.411 |
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| Hypertension | 418 (48.6) | 43 (53.1) | 92 (52.3) | 283 (46.9) | 0.321 |
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| Smoker | 133 (4.4) | 11 (13.6) | 23 (13.1) | 99 (16.4) | 0.623 |
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| Anti-platelet medication | 348 (40.5) | 27 (33.3) | 55 (31.3) | 266 (44.1) | 0.003 |
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| Lipid-lowering agent | 787 (91.5) | 77 (95.1) | 152 (86.4) | 558 (92.5) | 0.017 |
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| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.8±3.5 | 24.9±3.8 | 25.0±3.8 | 24.7±3.3 | 0.444 |
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| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 118.8±10.8 | 120.4±12.6 | 120.7±12.3 | 118.0±9.9 | 0.004 |
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| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 73.7±8.5 | 72.0±7.8 | 73.8±8.3 | 74.0±9.3 | 0.149 |
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| Ankle-brachial index | 1.11±0.08 | 1.08±0.10 | 1.10±0.10 | 1.11±0.08 | 0.001 |
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| Intima-media thickness, mm | 0.693±0.204 | 0.679±0.121 | 0.685±0.137 | 0.697±0.190 | 0.55 |
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| Presence of carotid plaque | 173 (20.1) | 31 (38.3) | 38 (21.6) | 104 (17.2) | <0.001 |
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| Pulse-wave velocity, cm/sec | 1,520.8±273.9 | 1,656.3±333.0 | 1,550.5±294.8 | 1,494.0±252.2 | <0.001 |
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| HbA1c, % | 8.1±2.0 | 7.9±1.8 | 7.8±1.9 | 8.2±2.1 | 0.064 |
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| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 191.3±39.3 | 184.6±38.9 | 184.8±39.0 | 194.1±39.2 | 0.006 |
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| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 187.3±147.6 | 184.0±113.5 | 185.3±138.0 | 188.3±154.3 | 0.951 |
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| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 47.9±11.8 | 46.7±11.4 | 45.3±11.6 | 48.7±11.7 | 0.002 |
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| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 113.5±34.2 | 105.3±37.4 | 109.8±34.1 | 115.7±33.6 | 0.010 |
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| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9±0.3 | 0.8±0.3 | 0.9±0.5 | 0.9±0.3 | 0.165 |
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| Uric acid, mg/dL | 4.94±1.52 | 5.47±1.56 | 5.20±1.55 | 4.79±1.48 | <0.001 |
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| Cystatin C, mg/L | 0.867±0.361 | 1.320±0.538 | 1.038±0.416 | 0.757±0.222 | <0.001 |
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| 10-Year ASCVD risk, % | 15.1±11.2 | 16.7±12.5 | 15.5±11.6 | 14.8±10.8 | 0.297 |
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| eGFR | |||||
| CAPA, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 99.0±31.8 | 60.0±19.3 | 78.3±19.8 | 110.3±28.6 | <0.001 |
| LM revised, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 77.1±17.1 | 78.9±21.3 | 78.0±19.2 | 76.6±15.7 | 0.372 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DM, diabetes mellitus; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CAPA, Caucasian, Asian, pediatric, and adult cohorts equation; LM, Lund-Malmö equation.