Table 1.

Diaphragm movement of the left hemidiaphragm in swine after 30% volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock in Groups Ⅰ - Ⅲ (n = 6 for each group)

Group	Diaphragm movement at Tb (cm)	Diaphragm movement at T0 (cm)	p value
Ⅰ	1.18 ± 0.13	1.98 ± 0.13b	< 0.001
Ⅱ	1.42 ± 0.01	1.72 ± 0.02a,b	< 0.001
Ⅲ	1.15 ± 0.08	1.17 ± 0.11	0.660

Note: Group Ⅰ: Spontaneous breathing swine with SAM junctional tourniquet application; Group Ⅱ: Mechanical ventilation swine with SAM junctional tourniquet application; Group Ⅲ: Spontaneous breathing swine with vascular blocking bands controlling the axillary hemorrhage. The diaphragm movement was measured by M-mode ultrasound at the end-expiration and end-inspiration. T_b and T₀ represent the time points before and after the 30% volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock, respectively.

^ap < 0.001 compared to Group Ⅰ;^bp < 0.001 compared to Group Ⅲ.