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. 2023 Jun 6;14:3284. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39030-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A Transfer bootstrap expectation tree and (B) simplified illustration of reconciliation calculated using Generax for AAAH sequences. C Transfer bootstrap expectation tree and (D) simplified illustration of reconciliation calculated using Generax for AADC sequences. The nodal supports shown are transfer bootstrap expectation (TBE) scores (in bold), and ultrafast bootstrap proportion supports (in italic) for key nodes. Dashed lines indicate sequences identified as unstable in the t-index and leaf stability index (LSI) analysis (see Supplementary Data 6 for details). PAH phenylalanine hydroxylase, TPH tryptophan hydroxylase, TH tyrosine hydroxylase, DDC dopa decarboxylase, TDC tyrosine decarboxylase, HDC histidine decarboxylase. Silhouettes obtained from Phylopic.org. Silhouette images are by Andrew R. Gehrke (Hofstenia miamia); Daniel Jaron (Mus musculus); Mali’o Kodis, photograph by Ching (http://www.flickr.com/photos/36302473@N03/) (Chrysaora fuscescens); Mario Quevedo (Asteriidae); Oliver Voigt (Trichoplax adhaerens); Ramiro Morales-Hojas (Drosophila americana); Steven Haddock, Jellywatch.org (Hormiphora californensis); and Tess Linden (Salpingoeca rosetta). Source Data are available at [https://figshare.le.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Monoamine_Neuromodulation_is_a_Bilaterian_Innovation_Results/20391477] in Results/GeneTrees labelled OG_AAAH_TBE.tbe.tree, OG_AAAH_UFB.treefile, OG_AADC_TBE.tbe.tree and OG_AADC_UFB.treefile.