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. 2023 Apr 8;30(6):1404–1415. doi: 10.1038/s41418-023-01159-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The Swedish Överkalix cohort (famine 1867–1869), based on individuals exposed to food deprivation during their prepubertal period (5–12 years of age) showed beneficial transgenerational effects in term of health span and lifespan in the grandsons of exposed grandfathers. The Dutch cohort (famine 1944–1945), and the Chinese Suihua cohort (famine 1959–1961) based on individuals, whose pregnant mothers and themselves in utero as foetuses were exposed to nutrients deprivation showed detrimental transgenerational effects in term of health span in the offspring of prenatally exposed fathers (but not mothers) for the Dutch cohort and in term of decreased health and lifespan in the offspring of parents exposed in utero to famine for the Chinese cohort. The image was created with BioRender.com.