Table 2.
Less than major effect n (%) | Major effect or death n (%) | aPR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
13–19 | 71 (16.1) | 12 (10.4) | Ref |
20–29 | 149 (33.7) | 40 (34.8) | 1.30 (0.68–2.48) |
30–39 | 118 (26.7) | 29 (25.2) | 1.21 (0.62–2.38) |
⩾40 | 104 (23.5) | 34 (29.6) | 1.49 (0.75–2.99) |
Sex | |||
Male | 260 (57.5) | 77 (67.0) | Ref |
Female | 192 (42.5) | 38 (33.0) | 0.72 (0.47–1.11) |
Reason | |||
Intentional misuse or abuse | 193 (41.0) | 50 (43.5)a | Ref |
Suspected suicide attempt | 106 (22.5) | 30 (26.1) | 1.01 (0.63–1.63) |
Unintentional exposure | 89 (18.9) | 11 (9.6) | 0.58 (0.29–1.16) |
Adverse reaction | 40 (8.5) | 8 (7.0) | 0.67 (0.31–1.46) |
Intentional unknown | 19 (4.0) | 11 (9.6) | 1.73 (0.92–3.25) |
Other reason | 24 (5.1) | 5 (4.4) | 0.96 (0.38–2.39) |
Co-drug use | |||
Benzodiazepines | 81 (17.2) | 19 (16.5) | 0.70 (0.41–1.19) |
Alcohol | 49 (10.4) | 16 (13.9) | 1.12 (0.62–2.03) |
Opioids | 36 (7.6) | 23 (20.0)c | 2.44 (1.46–4.08)b |
Cocaine | 24 (5.1) | 11 (9.6) | 1.43 (0.69–2.96) |
Cannabis | 25 (5.3) | 7 (6.1) | 1.20 (0.53–2.69) |
Amphetamine | 11 (2.3) | 4 (3.5) | 1.18 (0.43–3.20) |
Methamphetamine | 9 (1.9) | 3 (2.6) | 1.88 (0.55–6.50) |
Other phenethylamines | 18 (3.8) | 3 (2.6) | 0.59 (0.16–2.08) |
GHB | 3 (0.6) | 8 (7.0)c | 3.43 (1.57–7.46)b |
Route of administration | |||
Other | 84 (20.2) | 12 (11.5)b | Ref |
Ingestion only | 186 (44.7) | 59 (56.7) | 1.67 (0.83–3.35) |
Injection only | 64 (15.4) | 24 (23.1) | 2.68 (1.21–5.92)a |
Inhalation only | 82 (19.7) | 9 (8.7) | 0.87 (0.30–2.48) |
Note. Other route of administration consists of dermal or other route or routes in combination with inhalation, injection, or ingestion. Bivariable tests are based on case-complete data and the multivariable model is based on imputed data. The multivariable model controlled for year.
aPR: adjusted prevalence ratio; CI: confidence interval; GHB: gamma-hydroxybutyrate.
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01,
p < 0.001.