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. 2023 May 24;14:1183130. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1183130

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Copyright © 2023 Niu, Liu, Fan, Wen, Wu, Wang, Liu and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The hypoglycemic function of bioactive polysaccharides on the insulin signaling pathway. IRS, insulin receptor substrate; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PDK1/2, phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 and 2; AKT, serine/threonine-specific protein kinase; GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase-3; GLUT4, glucose transporter type 4; ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase.