Table 1.
The action of some bioactive polysaccharides in disease prevention and treatment.
| Source | Polysaccharide | Disease | Action | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laminaria japonica | Fucoidan | Parkinson’s disease (PD) | Reversed the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and striatal dopaminergic fibers | Zhang L. et al. (2018) and Zhang X. et al. (2018) |
| Inonotus obliquus | Polysaccharide | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) | Improved the pathological behaviors correlated with memory and cognition, upregulated Nrf2 expression and its downstream proteins, decreased β-amyloid peptides deposition and neuronal fiber tangles | Han et al. (2019) |
| Walnut green husk | Polysaccharide | Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | Enhanced the Production of SCFAs through fermentation in the colon which help on allivating inflammatory damage and protecting integrity of the intestinal barrier function | Wang et al. (2021) |
| Walnut green husk | Polysaccharide | Obesity | Relieved the oxidative stress in the liver by modulating the MAPK/Nrf2 pathway, and promoted the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. | Wang et al. (2021) |
| Hypsizygus ulmarius | Polysaccharide | Diabetes mellitus (DM) | Exhibited moderate inhibition activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner | Govindan et al. (2023) |
| Momordica charantia L | Selenylated polysaccharide (Se-MCPIIa-1) | DM | Reduced fasting blood glucose levels and increased insulin levels | Ru et al. (2020) |
| Hawthorn (Crataegus.) | Polysaccharide | Colon cancer | Arrested the cell cycle in the S and G2/M phases, increased the rate of apoptosis, downregulated the expression of Cyclin A1/D1/E1 and CDK-1/2 | Ma et al. (2020) |
| Crataegus pinnatifida | Polysaccharide | Colitis | Restored the pathological lesions in colon, decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) | Guo et al. (2021b) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum YW11 | Exopolysaccharide | IBD | Inhibited inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-12) and enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. | Min et al. (2020) |
| Bacillus subtilis | Exopolysaccharide | Bacterial infections | Limited superantigens-T cell activation by S. aureus and abrogated systemic induction of gamma interferon. | Paik et al. (2019) |
| Red seaweed Gelidium pacificum Okamura | Sulfated polysaccharide | Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) | Promoted the recovery of the gut microbiota and improved mucosal barrier function, downregulated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and enhanced the production of SCFAs. | Cui et al. (2020) |
*Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; CDK1/2, cyclin dependent kinase-1/2; IL, interleukin; IFN, interferon; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.