Pyroptosis |
Idebenone |
OGD/R and tMCAO |
PC12 cells, BV2 cells, and rat |
mtDNA and mtROS |
Idebenone suppresses activation of NLRP3 and ameliorates NLRP3-mediating damage in I/R. |
Peng et al., 2020
|
Medioresinol |
OGD, tMCAO |
bEnd.3 cells, BMVECs, and mice |
mtROS |
MDN decreases mtROS through PPARα/GOT1 axis and ameliorate the pyroptosis and ischemic brain injury. |
Wang Y. et al., 2021
|
Umbelliferone |
MCAO/R |
Rat |
ROS/TXNIP |
UMB protects focal cerebral ischemic through the inhibition of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of PPAR-γ. |
Wang et al., 2015
|
Apoptosis |
miR-668 inhibitor |
tMCAO/R |
Rat |
Drp1, mtROS, Bax/Bcl-2 |
The miR-668 inhibitor prevents neuronal apoptosis in CI/RI by modulating mitochondrial function and regulating NLRP3 signaling. |
He and Zhang, 2020
|
Candesartan |
OGD/R |
PC12 cells |
Bax |
Candesartan inhibits apoptosis by downregulation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in OGD/R-PC12 cells. |
Ding et al., 2022
|
Edaravone dexborneol |
Four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) |
Rat |
Bax/Bcl-2 |
Edaravone-Dexborneol alleviates cerebral ischemic injury via reduction of apoptosis and neuron damage. |
Zhang W. et al., 2022
|
Tong-Qiao-Huo-Xue-Decoction formula |
MCAO |
Rat |
Bax/Bcl-2 |
TQHXD protects neurons from I/R damage and prevents apoptosis. |
Yuan et al., 2022
|
CsA |
BBCAO/R |
Rat |
Bax/Bcl-2 |
CsA decreases Bax/Bcl-2 ratio as well as caspase-3 activation. |
Fakharnia et al., 2017
|
Necroptosis |
CsA |
BBCAO/R |
Rat |
mPTP |
CsA inhibits mPTP opening and reduces RIP1 and RIP3 levels. |
Fakharnia et al., 2017
|
Infliximab |
tMCAO |
Rat |
Mitochondrial membrane potential |
Infliximab ameliorates endothelial necroptosis and reduces mitochondrial damage, cytoplasm transparency, and BBB permeability. |
Chen et al., 2019
|
rhTrx-1 |
MCAO |
C57BL/6 mice |
Mitochondrial membrane potential |
rhTrx-1 provides neuroprotection in IS-induced microglial neuroinflammation by inhibiting RIPK1 expression |
Jiao et al., 2020
|
Ferroptosis |
UBIAD1 |
MCAO/R, OGD/R |
Rat, primary neurons |
Mitochondrial protein complexes |
UBIAD1 modulates I/R-mediated ferroptosis by restoring mitochondrial dysfunctions and enhances antioxidative capacities. |
Huang et al., 2022
|
FtMt |
MCAO/R |
Mice |
FtMt |
FtMt protects against CI/RI-induced ferroptosis. |
Wang P. et al., 2021
|
Ferrostatin-1 |
t-BHP treatment |
PC12 cells |
Mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production, and mtROS |
Ferrostatin-1 reverses ferroptosis-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions |
Wu C. et al., 2018
|