Table 2.
Documented exposures of study participants.
| Exposure | n (x/22) | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Prenatal alcohol exposure | ||
| High PAE (≥7 drinks per week or ≥4 drinks on one occasion) | 11 | 50% |
| Confirmed PAE (below threshold for high PAE) | 10 | 45% |
| Unknown exposure | 1 | 5% |
| No exposure | 0 | 0% |
| Prenatal exposure to other substances | ||
| High frequency of use (≥5 in pregnancy) | 9 | 40% |
| Exposure to nicotine or cannabis at any point; low frequency of use of other substances (cocaine, opioids, etc) or confirmed use of unknown amount | 11 | 50% |
| Unknown exposure | 2 | 10% |
| No exposure | 0 | 0% |
| Maternal psychosocial stressors | ||
| Any maternal psychosocial stressor | 22 | 100% |
| • Prenatal maternal mental health diagnoses | 9 | 41% |
| • Prenatal maternal NDDs | 4 | 18% |
| • Prenatal toxic stress—deprivation | 14 | 64% |
| • Prenatal toxic stress—threat | 13 | 59% |
| • Prenatal fetal trauma | 1 | 5% |
| • Prenatal maternal ACEs | 11 | 50% |
| Postnatal adversity | ||
| Any postnatal adversity | 20 | 91% |
| • Postnatal exposure to threat from 0 to 24 month | 9 | 41% |
| • Postnatal exposure to threat from 25 month+ | 8 | 36% |
| • Postnatal exposure to deprivation from 0 to 24 month | 16 | 73% |
| • Postnatal exposure to deprivation from 25 month+ | 6 | 27% |
NDDs, neurodevelopmental disabilities; PAE, prenatal alcohol exposure; m, months; +, onwards.