Table 3.

Nanotherapies targeting non-cellular components in HNSCC.

Nanoparticles	Cargoes	Target	Response	Application	Refs
CECMa	Cisplatin and metformin	Hypoxia	Targeting the hypoxic tumor region, and co-delivers cisplatin and metformin	Co-delivers cisplatin and metformin	(70)
TiO2	Ru complex and HIF-1α siRNA	Hypoxia	Silencc of HIF-1α	Combined with PDT	(71)
Nanohydrogel	nano DOX and nano ICG	ECM	Sustained release nano DOX and nano ICG with the presence of MMPs	Combined with 808nm NIR irradiation	(72)
Extracellular vesicle	MMP13	ECM	Inducing EMT of the recipient normoxic cell	Knocking down MMP13 in EVs	(73)