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. 2023 May 24;5:1173229. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1173229

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© 2023 Tang, Izumi, Izumisawa and Koyama.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Frequency of approaches preferred in collecting information on OTC medicine. The approaches are: (I) TV advertisement (1.47 ± 1.14), (II) Newspaper advertisement (0.64 ± 0.83), (III) magazine advertisement (0.68 ± 0.81), (IV) Internet advertisement (1.22 ± 1.03), (V) Website of a pharmaceutical manufacturer (1.19 ± 1.05), (VI) Internet search engines (e.g., Yahoo! and Google) (1.65 ± 1.14), (VII) Side effect databases of the PDMA (0.64 ± 0.89), (VIII) Academic societies (e.g., Japan Pharmaceutical Association) (0.65 ± 0.91), (IX) private sector (e-pharma) (0.57 ± 0.81), (X) pharmacists (1.33 ± 1.14), (XI) Doctors (1.10 ± 1.10), (XII) Friends (1.06 ± 0.97), (XIII) Family (1.42 ± 1.15). The same letter indicates that the difference is not significant (p > 0.05), and different letters indicate a significant difference (p < 0.01).