Table 5.

Literature on socio-cultural studies of RE-based OGPS in WA

Ref	Aim	Methods	Findings
Babalola et al. [93]	Investigates the impact of a solar hybrid mini-grid on the socio-economic growth of local entrepreneurs in Gbamu village in Nigeria.	83 micro and small-scale enterprises were surveyed and paired sample t-test and chi-squared test were used to assess the performance.	1. Higher number of female entrepreneurs than males 2. The presence of the mini-grid has led to innovative businesses. 3. Vast majority of businesses has swapped fossil-fuelled generators for the mini-grid system.
Van Gevelt et al. [19]	Identify and analyse the challenges to energy access for rural development.	Organized consultation workshops to gather the views of frontline workers, entrepreneurs, NGOs, policy makers, finance community and international experts in science, engineering and social science.	1. Lack of end user participation in energy services planning a major huddle. 2. Achieving energy access for rural development requires smart villages to be a norm not an exception.
Liu & Bah [95]	Investigate the mediating role of the community during mini-grid projects implementation in Sierra Leone	Through a survey, beneficiaries were asked to assess the impact mini-grid services have on their daily life against their expectations. A simple mediation model was used with renewable energy potential and poverty reduction as independent and dependent variables respectively.	1. Community engagement in mini-grid projects partially mediates the impact of RE on poverty reduction. 2. Lack of commercial loads poses a major challenged to rural electrification
Almeshqab & Ustun [97]	Review rural electrification initiatives in eight developing countries including Senegal	Case study review of rural electrification initiatives in Kaolack, Fatick and Thies regions in Senegal	1. Government reforms of the energy sector are desirable. 2. Instead of basing on the community judgments, better ways are needed to estimate their demand