Table 3.
Complications of Ilizarov and LRS group.
| ILIZAROV DATA | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author (Year) | Implant Related Complications | Adjacent Joint Complications | Nerve Injuries | Bone Related Complications | LLD | Nonunion | Infection | Intractable Pain | Others |
| V Barbarossa (2001) | PTI - 1 | Stiffness – 15 | Dysesthesia - 3 | Refracture - 1 | LLD - 6 | Nonunion −4 | Intractable Pain - 2 | Mental Depression - 3 | |
| Axial Deviation - 13 | Amputation - 1 | ||||||||
| David W. Sanders (2002) | PTI - 10 | Stiffness – 3 | Nerve Palsy - 1 | LLD - 2 | Nonunion −1 | Leg Abscess - 1 | Osteopenia - 7 | ||
| Deformity - 3 | |||||||||
| S Patil (2006) | PTI - 41 Wire Break - 1 | Equinus Contracture −1 | Poor Regenerate - 3 | Amputation - 1 | Persistent Infection – 2 | DVT – 1 | |||
| Refracture - 2 | Chronic OM – 2 | ||||||||
| Fracture Of Regenerate - 1 | Septic Arthritis - 1 | ||||||||
| A Krishnan (2006) | PTI - 11 | Joint Stiffness – 11 | Refracture - 1 | LLD - 1 | Nonunion −1 Amputation - 1 | Intractable Pain - 3 | Severe Dystrophy – 7 | ||
| Angular Deformity – 1 | Delayed Consolidation – 2 | Weight Loss – 9 | |||||||
| Axial Deviation – 14 | Premature Consolidation - 1 | Depression - 3 | |||||||
| Edema – 5 | |||||||||
| MP Magadum (2006) | PTI – 21 Wire Loosening – 0 | Deformity – 2 | Refracture - 0 | Nonunion −1 Amputation - 1 | |||||
| Dror Paley (2006) | PTI - 27 Pin Breakage - 1 | Knee Effusion - 1 | Nerve Palsy - 2 | Premature Consolidation - 4 | LLD - 1 | Infection −7 | |||
| Axial Deviation −13 | Delayed Consolidation - 2 | ||||||||
| Ranjit Baruah (2007) | PTI – 5 | Equinus Deformity - 2 | Delayed Consolidation - 7 | Nonunion −4 | Aneurysm - 1 Interposition Of Soft Tissue - 6 | ||||
| Early Consolidation - 1 | |||||||||
| Refracture - 2 | |||||||||
| Hyporegenerate - 4 | |||||||||
| Khaled M Emara (2008) | PTI -3 | Joint Stiffness - 2 | Unplanned Surgery - 2 | ||||||
| Pin Loosening −1 | |||||||||
| Broken Nail – 2 (In IMN Group) | |||||||||
| S. Robert Rozbruch (2008) | Nonunion - 11 Amputation - 2 |
Infection - 11 | |||||||
| Michael D. McKee (2008) | PTI - 4 | Osteoarthritis – 3 | Nerve Palsy - 2 | Translation - 1 | LLD - 2 | Amputation- 1 | Osteomyelitis - 2 | Intractable Pain - 1 | |
| Ankle fusion – 1 | |||||||||
| Deformity - 2 | Refracture - 1 | Cellulitis - 2 | |||||||
| Angular deformity - 4 | |||||||||
| M. Trigui (2008) | Axial Deviation - 4 | LLD - 6 | Nonunion −0 | Infection - 0 | |||||
| Francesco Sala (2011) | PTI - 10 | Equinus - 3 | LLD - 2 | Pseudoaneurysm - 1 | |||||
| M Sayed (2013) | PTI – 16 | Joint Stiffness – 12 | Refracture - 1 | LLD - 4 | Nonunion −2 | Persistent Infection – 1 | Intractable Pain - 3 | Depression - 3 | |
| Pin Loosening – 2 | Deformity – 8 | ||||||||
| Frame Adjustment - 2 | Edema – 5 | ||||||||
| P Yin (2014) | Nonunion −0 | Infection – 0 | |||||||
| Chang Seon Oh (2015) | PTI - 1 | Nonunion −1 | Recurrence Of Tumor - 1 | ||||||
| Peng Yin (2015) | PTI - 46 Wire loosening - 4 | Axial deviation - 20 | Refracture - 2 | LLD - 2 | Nonunion −7 | Local inflammation - 66 | |||
| Ramji Lal Sahu (2016) | PTI - 60 | Equinus - 4 | Soft Tissue Dystrophy - 3 | ||||||
| Angular Deformity - 2 | |||||||||
| Kemal Aktuglu (2016) | PTI - 17 | Stiffness - 5 Equinus - 3 | Angulation - 5 | LLD - 6 | Nonunion −1 | Skin Tethered - 7 Soft Tissue Injury – 11 | |||
| R Rohilla (2016) | PTI - 21 | Joint Stiffness −14 | LLD - 3 | ||||||
| Broken Screw −2 | Angular Deformity - 4 | ||||||||
| Martin Mcnally (2017) | PTI – 3 Broken Wire - 4 | Refracture - 8 | LLD -3 | ||||||
| Gamal Ahmed Hosny (2018) | PTI - 11 | Deformity - 3 | Nerve Palsy - 2 | Lengthening - 2 | LLD - 4 | Nonunion −3 | NS | ||
| K Bhowmick (2018) | PTI –1 | Deformity – 2 Axial Deviation −1 | Refracture - 1 | Nonunion −2 | Soft Tissue Infection – 1 | ||||
| S Fahad (2019) | PTI – 9 | LLD - 7 | Nonunion −2 | Re- Infection – 1 | |||||
| Pin Loosening – 2 | Amputation - 1 | Leg Abcess −1 | |||||||
| Screw Broken −1 | Septic Arthritis - 1 | ||||||||
| R K Baruah (2020) | PTI - 23 | Equinus - 3 | Nerve Palsy - 2 | Delayed Consolidation - 10 | Nonunion −2 | False Aneurysm −1 | |||
| Soft Tissue Interposition - 10 | |||||||||
| G Testa (2020) | PTI – 3 | ||||||||
| K-Wire Break −1 | |||||||||
| Screw Break −2 | |||||||||
| I Sigmund (2020) | PTI – 22 Pin Removal – 1 | Deformity – 0 | Premature Consolidation - 2 | LLD - 0 | Painful Thethred Skin −1 | ||||
| Gamal Ahmed Hosny (2020) | PTI – 9 | Joint Stiffness – 2 | Delayed Union - 1 | LLD - 3 | |||||
| Angular Deformity – 2 | Refracture - 1 | ||||||||
| A Chalak (2021) | PTI - 5 | Soft Tissue Invagination At The Docking Site - 2 | |||||||
| Lukasz Szelereski (2021) | Refracture - 5 | ||||||||
| LRS DATA | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author (Year) | Implant Related Complications | Adjacent Joint Complications | Nerve Injuries | Bone Related Complications | LLD | Nonunion | Infection | Intractable Pain | Others |
| Hiranaya Seenappa (2013) | PTI - 22 | Joint Stiffness - 13 | Refracture - 1 | LLD - 4 | |||||
| Pin Loosening - 8 | Angular Deformity - 2 | ||||||||
| Peng Yin (2015) | PTI - 24 | Axial deviation - 12 | Refracture - 2 (in total) | LLD - 2 | Nonunion −5 | Local inflammation: 66 (in total) | |||
| Wire loosening - 4 | |||||||||
| R Rohilla (2016) | PTI - 30 | Joint Stiffness - 8 | LLD - 6 | ||||||
| Pin Loosening - 1 | Angular Deformity - 3 | ||||||||
| Qun Jhang (2017) | PTI - 23 | Joint Stiffness - 14 | Refracture - 1 | Nonunion −5 | Bone grafting - 1 | ||||
| Pin Loosening - 2 | Angular Deformity - 3 | ||||||||
| S Gupta (2018) | PTI - 5 | ||||||||
| Xun Chen (2019) | PTI - 5 | ||||||||
| N Kushwaha (2020) | PTI - 4 | Refracture - 1 | Persistent Infection – 5 | ||||||
| Victor Lu (2021) | PTI - 5 | Osteoarthritis - 1 | Nonunion −2 | Osteomyelitis - 2 | Intractable Pain - 1 | Myositis Ossificans - 1 | |||
B/K, Below Knee; DVT, Deep Vein thrombosis; LLD, Limb Length Discrepancy; OM, Osteomyelitis, PTI – Pin tract infection.