Table 4.

MiRNAs differentially expressed in diabetic and oncological patients, and profoundly involved in the pathogenesis of both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cancer

miRNAs	Expression in T2D	Expression in cancer
hsa-miR-7	Increased170	Reduced in breast, lung, ovarian, prostate, gastric, and skin cancers, as well as in glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, melanoma, and leukemia.94,95
hsa-miR-9	Increased171	Aberrant expression in breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, gastric, bladder, and prostate cancers, as well as in glioblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma of skin and oral cavity, hematological malignancies, and uveal melanoma.96,97
hsa-miR-15a	Reduced171, 172, 173	Reduced in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, colorectal, bladder, and prostate cancers, as well as in human brain glioma, hepatoma, and different types of lymphoma or leukemia.100,101
miR-17-92 cluster (in particular hsa-miR-17, hsa-miR-18a, hsa-miR-19a, hsa-miR-20a)	Further studies required	Increased in lung cancer and human B-cell lymphomas.104,105
hsa-miR-21	Reduced87,171,173	Increased in gliomas, breast, and colorectal cancers.106
hsa-miR-24	Reduced173	Reduced in breast, colorectal, and non-small-cell lung cancers, as well as in hepatocellular, nasopharyngeal, laryngeal squamous cell, and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.107
hsa-miR-27a	Increased83,171,174	Increased in ovarian, prostate, and gastric cancers, colorectal carcinoma, and esophageal tumors.112
hsa-miR-29	Increased15,45,72,84,171,174	Reduced in breast, ovary, gastric, colon, lung, pancreatic, prostate, cervix, and oral cancers, as well as in hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, glioma, melanoma, leukemia, lymphoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and neuroblastoma.113
hsa-miR-34	Increased26,171,173	Dysregulated in colorectal, prostate, breast, lung, and liver cancers, as well as in osteosarcoma and hematological neoplasms.115
hsa-miR-106b	Further studies required	Increased in breast, prostate, lung, gastric, and colorectal cancers, as well as in hepatocellular and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.120
hsa-miR-125b	Reduced46	Reduced in non-small-cell lung cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer, bladder, ovarian, breast, gallbladder, colorectal, and endometrioid-endometrial cancers, as well as in hepatocellular and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, melanoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, multiple myeloma, and Ewing’s sarcoma.121 Increased in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, retinoblastoma, glioblastoma, poorly differentiated non-small-cell lung cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and gastric cancer.121
hsa-miR-126	Reduced173	Lost in breast, lung, gastric, colorectal, cervix, bladder, oral, and prostate cancers.123,124
hsa-miR-132	Further studies required	Reduced in hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, breast, colorectal, gastric, lung, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers.125
hsa-miR-135	Increased66	Reduced in prostate, renal, gallbladder, and nasopharyngeal cancers, as well as in glioma, impacting the enhancement of cell proliferation and aggressive behavior.126 Increased in bladder, oral, colorectal, and liver cancers.126 Dual role in in breast, gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancers, as well as in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.126
hsa-miR-144	Further studies required	Reduced in lung, gastric, colorectal, thyroid, cervical, ovarian, prostate, bladder, esophageal, pancreatic, and breast cancers, as well as in osteosarcoma, glioblastoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular, renal cell, head and neck squamous cell, and oral squamous cell carcinomas, leukemia, and lymphomas.127,128
hsa-miR-181	Further studies required	Aberrant expression in different solid tumors and hematological malignancies.132
hsa-miR-205	Reduced75	Reduced in breast, liver, prostate, skin, renal, and colorectal cancers, as well as in glioblastoma.137 Increased in cervical, ovarian, endometrial, and lung cancers.137
hsa-miR-375	Further studies required	Reduced in hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric, esophagus, head and neck, and other cancers.142
hsa-miR-449a	Reduced79	Reduced in gastric, lung, breast, bladder, liver, cancer, prostate, ovarian, and endometrial cancers, as well as in glioma, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma.143
hsa-miR-802	Increased57	Reduced in gastric, colorectal, breast, cervical, and epithelial ovarian cancers, as well as in melanoma and tongue, oral, esophageal carcinoma, and laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas.144 Increased in hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder urothelial cancer, osteosarcoma, and cholesteatoma tissue cells.144

miRNA, microRNA.