Table 3.
Fuel properties of biodiesel from insects’ larvae and palm oil.
| Properties | Units | EN 14214 | ASTM D6751 | BSF | Yellow mealworm | Zophobas morio | Housefly | Palm Oil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ester content | % | >96.5 | – | 93.8 | n.a. | 92.4 | 90.3 | 98 |
| Cetane number | – | >51 | >47 | 60 | 51 | 57 | 57 | 60 |
| Density | 25 °C, kg m−3 | 860–900 | – | 869 | 877 | 853 | 853 | 858 |
| Viscosity | 40 °C, mm2 s−1 | 3.5–5.0 | 1.9–6.0 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.9 |
| Oxidative stability | H | 8 | >3 | 13.3 | 6.2 | 7.6 | 9 | 19 |
| Pour point | °C | Report | Report | −0.5 | −1.8 | 6.5 | 4.4 | 13.1 |
| Cloud point | °C | Report | Report | 5.8 | 4.6 | 12.2 | 10.3 | 7.4 |
| References | This study | [20] | [8] | [46] | [47] |