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Welding process parameters for fabricated hybrid joints.
| Welding Process Parameters | SS-FSW | Reversed DS-FSW |
|---|---|---|
| Tool shoulder diameter (mm) | 18 | 16 |
| Pin length (mm) | 5.5 | 3 |
| Pin diameter (mm) | 6–4 | 5–3 |
| Tool tilt angle, degree | 2° | 2° |
| Pin shape | Tapered Threaded Cylindrical TTC | Tapered Threaded Cylindrical TTC |
| Welding speed (mm/min) | 36, 76, 102, 146, and 216 | 36, 76, 102, 146, and 216 |
| Dwell time (sec) | 20 | 20 |
