Table 1.

Comparative analysis of criteria and indicators of multi-criteria models.

MODEL I			The Conversion meter model
Phase I – Quick Scan: an initial appraisal of unoccupied offices using veto criteria
veto criteria			indicators
market			There is a demand for housing for local target groups;
stakeholders			Presence of influential project initiator;
			Meets criteria for the region, location, and accessibility;
			Meets criteria regarding size and character of the building;
			Willingness to sell the building;
			Willingness to buy and transform the building;
			The positive attitude of the municipality;
location			The zoning plan permits modification;
			No serious public health risk (pollution, noise …);
building			Free ceiling height >2.60 m;
Phase II – Feasibility scan: a further appraisal
criteria	sub-criteria		indicators
location	functional	Urban location	Building in a suitable area;
			Good daylight/sunlight exposure;
			Good view from >75% of floor space of a building;
		Distance and quality of facilities	Shop for daily necessities <500 m;
			Neighborhood meeting places (square, park) <500 m;
			Food service industry <500 m;
			Bank/post office <5 km;
			Basic medical facilities <2 km;
			Sports facilities <2 km;
			Educational facilities <2 km;
		Accessibility by public transport	Distance to railway station <2 km;
			Distance to bus, tram, underground <1 km;
		Accessibility by car	Good flow, normal street quality;
			Distance to parking sites <250 m;
			>1 parking lot per 100 m2 of office space;
	cultural	Representative impression	Situated centrally (not near highway locations);
			Other buildings present in the direct neighborhood;
			Lively neighborhood;
			Direct availability of green environment;
			Area has a good reputation/no vandalism;
			Area has good air quality and low pollution and noise;
	legal	Urban location	Noise load on facade <50 dB (max for office building is 60 dB);
		Ownership of location	Land in property or with a short lease;
building	functional	Year of construction or renovation	Building >3 years;
			Renovation >3 years;
		Vacancy	Complete building is vacant;
			Building vacant >3 years;
		New housing	Building capacity >20 units/50 m2;
			Lay-outs adaptable for local target groups;
		Extendibility	Horizontal building extension possible;
			Vertical building extension possible;
			Possibilities for constructing the basement;
	cultural	Representative impression	Identifiable compared to surrounding buildings;
			Own identity recognizable;
		Cultural heritage	Not a cultural heritage; simplifies process;
		Access (entrance, elevators, stairs)	Clean, safe and clear building entrance;
	technical	Condition of maintenance	Well maintained; maintenance up-to-date;
		Dimensions of support structure	Depth of building <10 m;
			Grid support structure >3.60 m;
			Height dimension between floors < 6 m;
		Support structure	Condition support structure is good
			Possible connection inner walls on grid <5.40 m
		Facade	Facade/openings well adaptable
			Facade windows can be reused/opened
		Installations	Sufficient service ducts can be constructed;
	legal	Environment	Absence of large amount of hazardous materials in the building;
			Acoustic insulation of floors >5 dB;
			Good thermal insulation of facades and roof;
			Sufficient daylight factor >90% floor surface for new units;
		National Building Decree, escape and access routes	Elevators available/easy to install in building >4 stories high;
			(Emergency) stairways available/realizable;
			Distance of new units to stairs/elevators <50 m;
MODEL II			The TOBUS model
criteria	sub-criteria		indicators
Physical state of degradation of building elements	Building elements		objects	types
	aroof (e.g.)		roof covering (e.g.)	(for objects “roof covering”) tiles
				(for objects “roof covering”) roofing membrane
Functional obsolescence of building service	User needs		Compliance with user’s professional activities in office spaces;
	Flexibility		Capacity to easily modify the interior space partitioning and general office layout without any major intervention in building installations and structure;
	Divisibility		Capacity to divide the buildings into separate and independent zones;
	Maintainability		Capacity to facilitate easy maintenance of the premises;
	Compliance with regulations		The capacity of the various installations to comply with national regulations;
Energy consumption	Heating		Calculations for heating energy balance and savings from retrofit actions (heating systems);
	Cooling and ventilation		Calculations for cooling energy balance and savings from retrofit actions (passive and hybrid cooling techniques – ceiling fans, night ventilation..; controls in air handling units, …);
	Heat for service hot water		Calculations for savings from retrofit actions (instantaneous water heaters, ice and chilled water storage);
	Lighting		Calculations for saving from the use of energy-efficient lamps/luminaires and daylight assessment;
	Equipment		Calculations for energy consumption and savings for office equipment (low energy office equipment);
	Electromechanical installations		Service quality and energy consumption of existing lifts (zoning of elevators and service quality);
	Water use		Water conservation for sanitary services (sanitary water savings);
bIndoor environment quality	Thermal comfort		Draught (e.g.)
			Temperature balance (e.g.)
			Temperature changes (e.g.)
			Floors (e.g.)
			Surfaces (e.g.)
			Control of temperature (e.g.)
	Indoor air quality (humidity, pollutants, ventilation)		Air (e.g.)
			Smells (e.g.)
			Static electricity (e.g.)
			Control of ventilation (e.g.)
	Lighting		The intensity of light (e.g.)
			Sufficiency of light (e.g.)
			Level of glare (e.g.)
			View (e.g.)
			Control of light (e.g.)
	Noise		Level of noise (e.g.)
MODEL III			The ARP model
criteria	sub-criteria		indicators
Expected physical life (in years)	Environmental context		Distance from the coast <1 km;
			Stable soil conditions;
			Level of rainfall;
			“Greenfield” site;
			Exposure to potential flood or wash-away conditions;
			Exposure to severe storm activity;
			Exposure to earthquake damage;
			Bushfire zone;
			Area of civil interest;
			Presence of animals or insects that can damage the building fabric;
	Occupational profile		Main use during normal working hours;
			Industrial-type activities are undertaken within the building;
			Availability to the general public;
			Presence of tenant occupancy;
			Presence of building manager or caretaker;
			Long-term asset;
			Hazardous material storage or handling;
			Occupation density >1 person per 10 m2;
			Protection by security surveillance;
			Insurance;
	Structural integrity		Massive construction;
			The main structure over-designed;
			Complex or unconventional building structure;
			Highly durable building components;
			Presence of other structures immediately adjacent to the building;
			Foundation on solid rock;
			Workmanship standard;
			Possibility of roof leaking in bad weather conditions;
			Protection against accidental fire events;
			Public monument or landmark;
Physical life	Building age (in years)		Current building age;
Obsolescence	Physical		Level of maintenance;
	Economic		Building location/distance from other facilities;
	Functional		Level of flexibility/adaptability;
	Technological		Energy consumption - required energy to achieve comfort for the users;
	Social		The position of the use of the building within the market demand;
	Legal		The quality of the original design;
	Political		The level of interest of the public and the local community in the building;
MODEL IV			The iconCUR model
criteria	sub-criteria		indicators
Condition	Structure		Design standard;
			Maintained service level;
			Regulatory compliance;
	Exterior envelope		Design standard;
			Maintained service level;
			Regulatory compliance;
	Interior finishes		Design standard;
			Maintained service level;
			Regulatory compliance;
	Engineering services		Design standard;
			Maintained service level;
			Regulatory compliance;
	External works		Design standard;
			Maintained service level;
			Regulatory compliance;
Utilization	Internal space		Demand or relevance;
			Fitness for purpose;
			User satisfaction;
	External space		Demand or relevance;
			Fitness for purpose;
			User satisfaction;
	Outdoor site area		Demand or relevance;
			Fitness for purpose;
			User satisfaction;
	Equipment and fit out		Demand or relevance;
			Fitness for purpose;
			User satisfaction;
	Engineering systems		Demand or relevance;
			Fitness for purpose;
			User satisfaction;
Collective utility	Operational viability		Economic performance;
			Culture and heritage;
			Environmental values;
	Locational contact		Economic performance;
			Culture and heritage;
			Environmental values;
	Risk and opportunity		Economic performance;
			Culture and heritage;
			Environmental values;
	Asset valuation		Economic performance;
			Culture and heritage;
			Environmental values;
	Profile/mission		Economic performance;
			Culture and heritage;
			Environmental values;
Stakeholder interest	Building owner		Short-term perspective;
			Medium-term perspective;
			Long-term perspective;
	Building user		Short-term perspective;
			Medium-term perspective;
			Long-term perspective;
	Facility manager		Short-term perspective;
			Medium-term perspective;
			Long-term perspective;
	Sponsor/financier		Short-term perspective;
			Medium-term perspective;
			Long-term perspective;
	Community		Short-term perspective;
			Medium-term perspective;
			Long-term perspective;
MODEL V			The PAAM model
criteria			indicators
Physical and size			Number of storeys;
			Gross floor area;
			Property Council of Australia building quality grade;
			Degree of attachment to other buildings;
			Typical floor area;
			Site access;
Land			Street frontage;
			Vertical services location;
			Property location;
Social factor			Historic listing;
			Age in 2010;
			Aesthetics;

^aOnly examples of sub-criteria and indicators are presented for this criterion due to many possible different combinations of building elements which improvement required consideration.

^bOnly examples of indicators are presented for this criterion, due to the fact that indicators is based on checklists and questionnaire with many items.