. 2023 May 27;9(6):e16620. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16620

Table 4.

The proposal of the draft of the new multi-criteria model.

	Part I: Criteria and indicators
	Criteria	Indicators
Group I: general criteria and indicators	Building location	Traffic infrastructure connectivity (availability of bus, train, …);
	Building location	Distance from different types of content (hospital, bank, …);
	Building characteristics	Possibility of modifying the building’s physical structure;
	Energy consumption	The energy required to achieve comfort for the users;
	Quality of interior space	Different types of comfort factors (temperature balance, level of noise, …);
	Financial feasibility	Current condition of the building;
		Necessary additional work;
		Value of the building after the intervention;
	Market	Demand for a new use;
	Stakeholders	Interests of stakeholders;
Group II^a: specific criteria and indicators determined by the type of adaptation	Building capacity	Number of possible new functional units (of a new use) of a certain area;
	Current standards for a new use	e.g. Distance from the stairs for new units;
	Facade	Number and layout of openings;
	The potential financial gain in the period of exploitation	Rental price per m²;
	The potential financial gain in the period of exploitation	Selling price per m²;
	The expected physical life of a building	Manner and frequency of use;
Group III^b: specific criteria and indicators determined by the specific context	Building location^c	Distance from different types of content (hospital, bank, …) (acceptable distances from the different contexts are the consequence of the urban structure of a certain city);
	Building environment	Presence of different types of contents in the building environment;

	Part II: Valorization
MCDA algorithm	As a potential MCDA algorithm (which appears to be the most appropriate, among methods used in analyzed multi-criteria models) for the new multi-criteria model, the PROMETHEE method is selected. The PROMETHEE method is presented as a three-step procedure focused on the aggregation of a performance table into weak order. The steps of the procedure are:
	1. Preference modeling (creation of valuated preference relation for each criterion);
	2. Aggregation (of previously created valued preference relations into one global preference relation), and 3. Exploitation (of the global preference relation to obtain a weak order, using a net flow procedure) [33].
Weighting system	The relative importance of the different criteria is presented through the weights which are defined as non-negative numbers, independent from measurement units of the criteria. Using appropriate software (e.g. PROMCALC and DECISION LAB), the user can introduce arbitrary numbers for the weights involving the priorities and perceptions of the decision-maker. The weights are automatically normalized by dividing the entered numbers by their sum [32]. The weighting factors for the criteria related to the current standards and building and location characteristics (from a professional point of view) should be determined by the experts.
Preference detection system	Using the approach ordinal scale with a degree of preference the decision maker can relate a “degree” of preference of one alternative over another with every pair of compared alternatives [33].
	The difference between the evaluations obtained by two alternatives into preference degrees (from 0 to 1) is translated for each criterion. There are six basic types of preference functions proposed:
	1. Usual criterion;
	2. U-shape criterion;
	3. V-shape criterion
	4. Level criterion;
	5. V-shape with indifference criterion, and 6. Gaussian criterion [31].
Problem statement	The problem statement is defined as sorting. The norms, which are defined to determine each category, are modeled as prototypes of alternatives belonging to a category. These norms would result from conventions, interaction with the decision maker, and analysis of past decisions [33].

	Part III: Form of the application of the multi-criteria model
Potential form of application of the multi-criteria model	To enable using of the new multi-criteria model by different users, the software may be an adequate form of application. It should contain a checklist of criteria and sub-criteria, with the possibility to neglect some criteria and change weighting factors.

Presented criteria and indicators are the result of multi-criteria models analysis, but in this group, there should be more criteria and indicators which are the result of analysis of many other aspects, which are not the topic of this paper.

Note that a criteria building location is mentioned in both the general and specific criteria and indicators determined by the specific context, due to its importance for both criteria groups.