TABLE 3.
Summary of the effects of different factors on the efficacy of DEX.
| Outcome | Subgroup | No. of studies | Population size | Effect estimation (95% CI) | I2 statistic (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peak AST (U/L) | Retrospective | 2 | 175 | -264.09-18.52 | 0 |
| Prospective | 1 | 40 | -110.68−‐33.92 | - | |
| Non-developed | 3 | 215 | -112.81−‐38.73 | 0 | |
| Deceased donor | 1 | 54 | -1,275.23-486.77 | - | |
| Living donor | 2 | 161 | -112.28−‐38.13 | 0 | |
| Adult | 1 | 40 | -110.68−‐33.92 | - | |
| Pediatric | 2 | 175 | -264.09-18.52 | 0 | |
| Peak ALT (U/L) | Retrospective | 2 | 175 | -508.38-24.44 | 60 |
| Prospective | 1 | 40 | -114.30−‐56.10 | - | |
| Non-developed | 3 | 215 | -235.57−‐31.45 | 60 | |
| Deceased donor | 1 | 54 | -770.09−‐93.69 | - | |
| Living donor | 2 | 161 | -122.37−‐57.94 | 4 | |
| Adult | 1 | 40 | -114.30−‐56.10 | - | |
| Pediatric | 2 | 175 | -508.38-24.44 | 60 | |
| Peak BUN (mmol/L) | Retrospective | 2 | 175 | -2.71-2.82 | 89 |
| Non-developed | 2 | 175 | -2.71-2.82 | 89 | |
| Deceased donor | 1 | 54 | -0.10-3.26 | - | |
| Living donor | 1 | 121 | -1.94−‐0.56 | - | |
| Pediatric | 2 | 175 | -2.71-2.82 | 89 | |
| Peak CRE (µmol/L) | Retrospective | 2 | 175 | -9.12−‐1.14 | 0 |
| Prospective | 1 | 40 | -25.14−‐8.45 | - | |
| Non-developed | 3 | 215 | -14.89−‐1.80 | 67 | |
| Deceased donor | 1 | 54 | -11.39-1.15 | - | |
| Living donor | 2 | 161 | -21.87-0.89 | 82 | |
| Adult | 1 | 40 | -25.14−-8.45 | - | |
| Pediatric | 2 | 175 | -9.12−‐1.14 | 0 | |
| Warm ischemia time (min) | Retrospective | 2 | 175 | -10.58−‐0.54 | 58 |
| Prospective | 1 | 40 | -11.20-4.20 | - | |
| Non-developed | 3 | 215 | -6.74−‐2.05 | 19 | |
| Deceased donor | 1 | 54 | -15.22−‐2.78 | - | |
| Living donor | 2 | 161 | -6.16−‐1.11 | 0 | |
| Adult | 1 | 40 | -11.20-4.20 | - | |
| Pediatric | 2 | 175 | -10.58−‐0.54 | 58 | |
| Cold ischemia time (min) | Retrospective | 3 | 196 | -19.77−‐0.18 | 0 |
| Prospective | 1 | 40 | -14.83-26.83 | - | |
| Non-developed | 4 | 236 | -15.95-1.78 | 7 | |
| Deceased donor | 1 | 54 | -76.67-46.67 | - | |
| Living donor | 2 | 161 | -16.25-1.71 | 48 | |
| Adult | 2 | 61 | -13.03-28.11 | 0 | |
| Pediatric | 2 | 175 | -20.24−‐0.59 | 0 | |
| Hospital stay (d) | Retrospective | 2 | 175 | -10.21−‐1.16 | 0 |
| Prospective | 2 | 281 | -3.57-0.16 | 24 | |
| Developed | 1 | 201 | -3.28-2.34 | - | |
| Non-developed | 3 | 255 | -5.55−‐1.19 | 3 | |
| Deceased donor | 1 | 54 | -9.98-2.26 | - | |
| Living donor | 2 | 322 | -10.68-3.63 | 75 | |
| Adult | 2 | 281 | -3.57-0.16 | 24 | |
| Pediatric | 2 | 175 | -10.21−‐1.16 | 0 | |
| ICU stay (d) | Retrospective | 4 | 266 | -0.58-0.22 | 64 |
| Prospective | 3 | 321 | -0.23-0.20 | 26 | |
| Developed | 2 | 243 | -0.18-0.30 | 79 | |
| Non-developed | 5 | 344 | -0.55-0.08 | 13 | |
| Deceased donor | 1 | 54 | -0.85-0.65 | - | |
| Living donor | 4 | 411 | -0.21-0.20 | 50 | |
| Adult | 5 | 412 | -1.03-0.16 | 65 | |
| Pediatric | 2 | 175 | -0.43-0.42 | 0 | |
| Duration of surgery (h) | Prospective | 4 | 361 | -0.28-0.45 | 0 |
| Developed | 1 | 201 | -0.51-0.37 | - | |
| Non-developed | 3 | 160 | -0.22-1.09 | 0 | |
| Living donor | 3 | 281 | -0.37-0.44 | 0 | |
| Adult | 4 | 361 | -0.28-0.45 | 0 | |
| Moderate-to-Extreme HIRI | Retrospective | 2 | 175 | 0.14-0.60 | 0 |
| Non-developed | 2 | 175 | 0.14-0.60 | 0 | |
| Deceased donor | 1 | 54 | 0.05-0.84 | - | |
| Living donor | 1 | 121 | 0.14-0.79 | - | |
| Pediatric | 2 | 175 | 0.14-0.60 | 0 | |
| Post-reperfusion syndrome | Retrospective | 2 | 175 | 0.07-6.50 | 84 |
| Prospective | 1 | 40 | 0.19-3.13 | - | |
| Non-developed | 3 | 215 | 0.19-2.74 | 68 | |
| Deceased donor | 1 | 54 | 0.05-0.84 | - | |
| Living donor | 2 | 161 | 0.54-3.50 | 9 | |
| Adult | 1 | 40 | 0.19-3.13 | - | |
| Pediatric | 2 | 175 | 0.07-6.50 | 84 | |
| Intraoperative | 3 | 215 | 0.19-2.74 | 68 |
Abbreviations: DEX: dexmedetomidine; AST: aspartate transferase; ALT: alanine transferase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CRE: creatinine; ICU: intensive care unit; HIRI: hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury.