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. 2023 May 22;14:1188011. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188011

TABLE 3.

Summary of the effects of different factors on the efficacy of DEX.

Outcome Subgroup No. of studies Population size Effect estimation (95% CI) I2 statistic (%)
Peak AST (U/L) Retrospective 2 175 -264.09-18.52 0
Prospective 1 40 -110.68−‐33.92 -
Non-developed 3 215 -112.81−‐38.73 0
Deceased donor 1 54 -1,275.23-486.77 -
Living donor 2 161 -112.28−‐38.13 0
Adult 1 40 -110.68−‐33.92 -
Pediatric 2 175 -264.09-18.52 0
Peak ALT (U/L) Retrospective 2 175 -508.38-24.44 60
Prospective 1 40 -114.30−‐56.10 -
Non-developed 3 215 -235.57−‐31.45 60
Deceased donor 1 54 -770.09−‐93.69 -
Living donor 2 161 -122.37−‐57.94 4
Adult 1 40 -114.30−‐56.10 -
Pediatric 2 175 -508.38-24.44 60
Peak BUN (mmol/L) Retrospective 2 175 -2.71-2.82 89
Non-developed 2 175 -2.71-2.82 89
Deceased donor 1 54 -0.10-3.26 -
Living donor 1 121 -1.94−‐0.56 -
Pediatric 2 175 -2.71-2.82 89
Peak CRE (µmol/L) Retrospective 2 175 -9.12−‐1.14 0
Prospective 1 40 -25.14−‐8.45 -
Non-developed 3 215 -14.89−‐1.80 67
Deceased donor 1 54 -11.39-1.15 -
Living donor 2 161 -21.87-0.89 82
Adult 1 40 -25.14−-8.45 -
Pediatric 2 175 -9.12−‐1.14 0
Warm ischemia time (min) Retrospective 2 175 -10.58−‐0.54 58
Prospective 1 40 -11.20-4.20 -
Non-developed 3 215 -6.74−‐2.05 19
Deceased donor 1 54 -15.22−‐2.78 -
Living donor 2 161 -6.16−‐1.11 0
Adult 1 40 -11.20-4.20 -
Pediatric 2 175 -10.58−‐0.54 58
Cold ischemia time (min) Retrospective 3 196 -19.77−‐0.18 0
Prospective 1 40 -14.83-26.83 -
Non-developed 4 236 -15.95-1.78 7
Deceased donor 1 54 -76.67-46.67 -
Living donor 2 161 -16.25-1.71 48
Adult 2 61 -13.03-28.11 0
Pediatric 2 175 -20.24−‐0.59 0
Hospital stay (d) Retrospective 2 175 -10.21−‐1.16 0
Prospective 2 281 -3.57-0.16 24
Developed 1 201 -3.28-2.34 -
Non-developed 3 255 -5.55−‐1.19 3
Deceased donor 1 54 -9.98-2.26 -
Living donor 2 322 -10.68-3.63 75
Adult 2 281 -3.57-0.16 24
Pediatric 2 175 -10.21−‐1.16 0
ICU stay (d) Retrospective 4 266 -0.58-0.22 64
Prospective 3 321 -0.23-0.20 26
Developed 2 243 -0.18-0.30 79
Non-developed 5 344 -0.55-0.08 13
Deceased donor 1 54 -0.85-0.65 -
Living donor 4 411 -0.21-0.20 50
Adult 5 412 -1.03-0.16 65
Pediatric 2 175 -0.43-0.42 0
Duration of surgery (h) Prospective 4 361 -0.28-0.45 0
Developed 1 201 -0.51-0.37 -
Non-developed 3 160 -0.22-1.09 0
Living donor 3 281 -0.37-0.44 0
Adult 4 361 -0.28-0.45 0
Moderate-to-Extreme HIRI Retrospective 2 175 0.14-0.60 0
Non-developed 2 175 0.14-0.60 0
Deceased donor 1 54 0.05-0.84 -
Living donor 1 121 0.14-0.79 -
Pediatric 2 175 0.14-0.60 0
Post-reperfusion syndrome Retrospective 2 175 0.07-6.50 84
Prospective 1 40 0.19-3.13 -
Non-developed 3 215 0.19-2.74 68
Deceased donor 1 54 0.05-0.84 -
Living donor 2 161 0.54-3.50 9
Adult 1 40 0.19-3.13 -
Pediatric 2 175 0.07-6.50 84
Intraoperative 3 215 0.19-2.74 68

Abbreviations: DEX: dexmedetomidine; AST: aspartate transferase; ALT: alanine transferase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CRE: creatinine; ICU: intensive care unit; HIRI: hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury.