Figure 2.

Hierarchical clustering heatmaps of groups show averages of gene expression in the upper respiratory tract of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 according to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia (a, Pneumonia; b, Severe pneumonia/ARDS). Statistics: Hierarchical clustering heatmaps were performed using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 (https://www.metaboanalyst.ca/). Settings used were normalization by a pooled sample from a group (group PQN), automatic scaling, Euclidean distance measure, and the Ward clustering method. Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CXCL5, chemokine C-C motif ligand 5; CXCL10, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 10; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; ISG15, IFN-stimulated gene 15; PLAUR, plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor; RIG-I, retinoic acid-inducible gene I.