Table 1.
Papers selected and considered for discussion
| Surgical population | Psychological interventions | Pathophysiologic marker | Surgical outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rosenberger et al. 2004 | Knee arthroscopic surgery | Coping strategies | Preoperative vs 1 week after surgery | Preoperative vs 24 weeks after surgery |
|
Cortisol levels (ug/dL): Pts Active cooping 27 ± 2 vs 25 ± 2 Pts Avoidant cooping 22 ± 2 vs 20 ± 2 |
West Haven Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory Pts Active cooping 1.8 ± 0.2 vs 0.9 ± 0.2 Pts Avoidant cooping 1.8 ± 0.2 vs 1.2 ± 0.2 |
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| *P < 0.05 overtime reduction with ANCOVA analysis. | *P < 0.05 overtime reduction with ANCOVA analysis. | |||
| Thornton et al. 2009 | Breast cancer | Relaxation techniques and coping strategies | Effect estimates of Psyc. Interventions on metabolic variables [estimate (SE)]: | Effect estimates of Psyc. Interventions on surgical outcomes [estimate (SE)]: |
|
White blood cells count: 0.45 (0.49) Neutrophil count: 0.16 (0.37) T-helper count: 0.59 (0.34) |
Bodily Pain subscale from the Medical Outcomes Study-Short form (SF-36): −8.42 (6.86) | |||
| Zhao et al. 2016 | Lung resection | Relaxation techniques | Pre vs post intervention | Preoperative vs 24 h after surgery |
|
CD3+levels (%): CG: 65.4 ± 11.3 vs 69.3 ± 11.1 PsycG: 64.2 ± 9.4* vs 67.2 ± 8.8 |
VAS CG: 5.4 ± 1.3 vs 7.3 ± 1.3 PsycG: 2.7 ± 1.9* vs 4.2 ± 1.4* |
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|
CD4+levels (%): CG: 39.2 ± 7.6 vs 4.1 ± 10.0 PsycG: 35.8 ± 7.9* vs 39.9 ± 8.1** | ||||
|
Cortisol levels (nmol/L): CG: 494.7 ± 153.6 vs 471.3 ± 91.7 PsycG: 576.7 ± 125.1* vs 507.9 ± 131.9 | ||||
|
*P < 0.05 in comparison between experimental group and control group. **P < 0.05 in comparison before and after intervention in experimental group. |
P < 0.05 in comparison between experimental group and control group. | |||
| Marques dos Santos Felix et al. 2018 | Video-laparoscopic bariatric surgery | Relaxation therapy with guided imagery | Pre vs post intervention | Pre vs post intervention |
|
Cortisol levels (ug/dL): CG: 8.6 ± 5.4 vs 8.2 ± 5.3 PsycG: 9.9 ± 6.1 vs 7.9 ± 5.4* |
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale CG: 47.7 ± 3.8 vs 46.8 ± 3.7 PsycG: 47.5 ± 2.6 vs 43.0 ± 3.5* |
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| *P < 0.001 in comparison before and after intervention in the experimental group. | *P < 0.001 in comparison before and after intervention in experimental group. | |||
| Mirmahmoodi et al. 2020 | Breast cancer | Mindfulness | Pre vs post intervention | Pre vs post intervention |
|
Cortisol levels (ug/dL): CG: 16.5 ± 3.8 vs 16.7 ± 4.0* PsycG: 18.8 ± 4.1 vs 18.3 ± 4.3* |
Anxiety score: CG: 25.4 ± 15.0 vs 35.0 ± 13.5* PsycG: 31.18 ± 14.05 vs 23.50** ± 11.35* |
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|
CRP levels (mg/dL): CG: 12.0 ± 6.2 vs 11.5 ± 6.3 PsycG: 15.5 ± 5.2 vs 14.3 ± 5.3 | ||||
| *P < 0.05 in comparison before and after intervention in both groups. |
*P < 0.05 in comparison before and after intervention in both groups. **P < 0.05 in comparison between the experimental group and control group. |