Apoptosis |
Cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation |
Cell membrane lipid scrambling, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, genomic DNA fragmentation, translation inhibition |
Noninflammatory |
Initiator and effector caspase activation |
Effector caspases |
Necroptosis |
Cell rounding up, cell swelling, explosive cell membrane rupture |
Membrane ion channel formation, release of cellular contents |
Inflammatory |
TNFRSF—RIPK1/RIPK3, DAI—RIPK3, TLR—TRIF/RIPK3 |
MLKL |
Pyroptosis |
Membrane blebbing, cell swelling, plasma membrane rupture |
Cell membrane pore formation, release of inflammatory intracellular contents, DNA fragmentation |
Inflammatory |
Canonical/noncanonical inflammasome, inflammatory caspase activation |
Inflammatory caspases, GSDMD |