Table 3.
Overview of neurobehavioral changes pre-to-post MBI in substance use disorder
| Author, Year | Behavior changes pre-post mindfulness intervention | fMRI | Brain functional changes | Brain-behavior associations | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Substance use | Mindfulness/other | Task | Analysis method | Function | Direction, region | Cohen’s d | p, correction | Z or t | ||
| Fahmy, Wasfi (26) |
↑ Mindfulness (FMI), stress tolerance/appraisal/ absorption/regulation (DTS) ↓ negative urgency (UPPS-P) = positive urgency, premeditation, perseverance, sensation seeking (UPPS-P) |
Rest (eyes closed) |
Whole brain ICA (aDMN, pDMN) |
Connectivity |
↓ rSFG (aDMN) = pDMN |
P < .05 FDR-corrected |
Z = 4 |
Neg. Cor. Mindfulness (FMI) & rSFG connectivity r = − .6 N.S. Cor. UPPS-P (negative urgency, premeditation, perseverance), DTS (tolerance, appraisal, absorption, regulation) & rSFG connectivity |
||
| Janes, Datko (28) | ↓ Cigs/day |
Cue reactivity (nicotine vs. neutral) |
ROI (PCC) control seeds: mPFC, anterior insula |
Activity | = PCC cue-reactivity |
P < .05 corrected with permutation testing |
Pos. Cor. ΔCigs/day & ΔPCC, PCC, mPFC N.S. Cor. ΔCigs/day & anterior insula |
|||
| Kragel, Sweitzer (30) | = Mindfulness (FFMQ), stress (PSS) |
Cue reactivity (food vs. neutral) |
Whole brain | Activity | ↓ paraACC/SFG, fusiform, dmPFC, occipital, post-central/superior parietal, precentral, premotor | P < .05 cluster correction | Z = 4.09–5.93 | |||
| Kober, Brewer (29)* | ↑ Craving post stress scenarios | ↑ stress (VAS) post stress scenarios |
Cue reactivity (stress vs. neutral) |
Whole brain | Activity | P < .05 FWE-corrected | ||||
| Tang, Tang (9) | ↓ Craving, CO |
Rest (eyes closed) |
Whole brain (fALFF) |
Activity | ↑ ACC/mPFC & IFG/vlPFC |
P < .05 montecarlo -corrected |
t = 3.66–4.99 | N.S. Cor. Craving, CO & ACC/mPFC, IFG/vlPFC | ||
*Cross−sectionally, post intervention; ↑ Increased; ↓ Decreased; Δ Change; = no change
Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; aDMN, anterior default mode network; CO, carbon monoxide; Cor, correlation; dmPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; DTS, distress tolerance scales; fALFF, fractional amplitude of low−frequency fluctuations; FFMQ, five facet mindfulness questionnaire; FMI, Freiburg mindfulness inventory; ICA, independent component analysis; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; MBI, mindfulness−based intervention; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; N.S., non−significant; Neg, negative; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; pDMN, posterior default mode network; Pos, positive; PSS, perceived stress scale; ROI, region of interest; rSFG, right superior frontal gyrus; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; UPPS−P, impulsive behavior scale; VAS, visual analogue scale; vlPFC, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex