Table 2.
Repeated measures GLMM analyses of factors associated with condomless sex among MSM (N = 1429 participants and 3342 ACASIs), HIV Outpatient Study, USA, 2007–2019
| Participant characteristics | Univariable OR (95% CI) | Full multivariable OR (95% CI) | Final multivariable OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||
| ≤ 29 | 3.40 (2.18–5.29)** | 11.85 (5.79–24.24)** | 5.36 (3.29–8.73)** | |
| 30–39 | 2.70 (2.01–3.65)** | 5.33 (3.31–8.58)** | 3.38 (2.43–4.70)** | |
| 40–49 | 2.10 (1.67–2.63)** | 3.24 (2.31–4.54)** | 2.32 (1.82–2.96)** | |
| ≥ 50 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic/Latino | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| Black, non-Hispanic/Latino | 0.69 (0.51–0.93)* | 0.76 (0.47–1.25) | 0.86 (0.62–1.20) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 0.67 (0.46–0.98)* | 0.48 (0.26–0.86)* | 0.59 (0.39–0.88)* | |
| Other/Unknown | 1.23 (0.64–2.35) | 1.17 (0.44–3.11) | 1.09 (0.55–2.13) | |
| Insurance | ||||
| Private | 2.12 (1.67–2.68)** | 2.46 (1.65–3.65)** | 1.74 (1.35–2.26)** | |
| Public/none | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) | ||||
| < 200 | 0.50 (0.32–0.78)* | 0.48 (0.24–0.96)* | 0.60 (0.37–0.98)* | |
| 200–349 | 0.50 (0.37–0.69)** | 0.38 (0.24–0.61)** | 0.52 (0.37–0.72)** | |
| 350–499 | 0.77 (0.60–0.98)* | 0.64 (0.45–0.91)* | 0.73 (0.56–0.95)* | |
| ≥ 500 | Referent | Referent | Referent | |
| Unknown/Missing | 0.97 (0.47–1.98) | 2.21 (0.23–21.21) | 0.98 (0.45–2.13) | |
| HIV RNA viral load (copies/mL) | ||||
| Undetectable | 1.08 (0.86–1.35) | 1.00 (0.72–1.40) | ||
| Detectable | Referent | Referent | ||
| Unknown/Missing | 1.11 (0.53–2.32) | 0.41 (0.04–4.01) | ||
| Cocaine | 3.49 (2.29–5.30)** | 3.54 (1.88–6.68)** | 2.42 (1.53–3.83)** | |
| Poppers | 12.38 (8.56–17.91)** | 6.05 (4.22–8.67)** | 3.41 (2.66–4.37)** | |
| Injection drug use | 5.84 (2.98–11.45)** | 3.46 (1.20–9.97)* | 2.43 (1.09–5.44)* | |
| Methamphetamine | 8.20 (5.19–12.94)** | 4.73 (2.30–9.76)** | 2.99 (1.78–5.01)** | |
| Club drugs | 6.44 (3.62–11.45)** | 1.76 (0.75–4.15) | ||
| Erectile dysfunction drugs | 2.87 (2.30–3.58)** | 3.62 (2.58–5.07)** | 2.49 (1.96–3.18)** | |
| Cannabis use | 1.77 (1.43–2.18)** | 1.45 (1.05–2.00)* | 1.24 (0.99–1.56) | |
| Alcohol use | 1.71 (1.37–2.15)** | 1.54 (1.11–2.15)* | 1.34 (1.05–1.70)* | |
| Current cigarette smoker | 1.28 (0.99–1.64) | 1.35 (0.92–1.97) | ||
| Time since 3/15/2007, per year | 1.08 (1.03–1.12)** | 1.06 (1.03–1.09)** | ||
CI confidence interval; GLMM generalized linear mixed model analyses; MSM men who have sex with men; OR odds ratio
*
Indicates P-value < 0.05 and
**
indicates P-value < 0.001