Table 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline.
| Training cohort | Discovery cohort | Validation cohort 1 | Validation cohort 2 | Validation cohort 3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | OC, n | 289 (55.6%) | 20 (45.5%) | 40 (54.8%) | 87 (53.7%) | 29 (22.5%) |
| Non-OC | 231 (44.4%) | 24 (54.5%) | 33 (45.2%) | 75 (46.3%) | 100 (77.5%) | |
| BAM, n | 182 | 7 | 25 | 68 | 14 | |
| Healthy women, n | 49 | 17 | 8 | 7 | 86 | |
| Total, n | 520 | 44 | 73 | 162 | 129 | |
| Age, median, year | 47.0 (40.8–54.0) | 44.5 (40.0–54.0) | 50.0 (42.0–54.0) | 48.0 (39.0–55.0) | 55.0 (42.0–63.0) | |
| OC histology | ||||||
| Epithelial | Serous, n | 178 | 12 | 24 | 40 | 18 |
| Mucinous, n | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Endometrioid, n | 23 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| Clear cell, n | 11 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Borderline, n | 52 | 4 | 10 | 24 | 9 | |
| Non-epithelial | N | 14 | 2 | 2 | 21 | 0 |
| BAM histology | ||||||
| Endometriosis, n | 57 | 6 | 9 | 28 | 0 | |
| Others*, n | 125 | 1 | 16 | 40 | 14 | |
| Total, n | 182 | 7 | 25 | 68 | 14 | |
| OC FIGO stage | ||||||
| Early stage (I&IIA), n | 49 | 3 | 7 | 23 | 11 | |
| Late stage (IIB-IV), n | 240 | 17 | 33 | 64 | 18 | |
| Total, n | 289 | 20 | 40 | 87 | 29 | |
| OC grade | Well | 36 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 4 |
| Moderate | 48 | 2 | 4 | 12 | 5 | |
| Poor | 205 | 15 | 30 | 63 | 20 | |
| CA125 level | ||||||
| <35 mU/L, n | 196 | 11 | 28 | 56 | 6 | |
| ≥35 mU/L, n | 324 | 33 | 45 | 106 | 29 | |
| Missing, n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 94 | |
| Total, n | 520 | 44 | 73 | 162 | 129 | |
Abbreviations: OC, ovarian cancer; BAM, benign adnexal mass; CA125, cancer antigen 125; FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. *The details of BAMs besides endometriosis are presented in Table S1.