Table 2. Demographic characteristics of subjects from the association between total body fat obesity and sarcopenia.
| Total body fat Obesity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Total, % (n = 371) | Sarcopenic obesity,14.1% (n = 53) | Sarcopenia without obesity, 5.4% (n = 20) | Obesity only, 67.7% (n = 251) | Controls, 12.7% (n = 47) | p-value* | |
| Gender | |||||||
| Men | 46.1 (171) | 54.7(29) | 25.0(5) | 46.2(116) | 44.7(21) | 0.155 | |
| Women | 53.9 (200) | 45.3 (24) | 75.0 (15) | 53.8 (135) | 55.3 (26) | 0.159 | |
| Mean age (years) mean ± SD | 78.15 (±7.22) | 83.06 (±6.84) | 80.26 (±5.58) | 77.09 (±7.00) | 79.45 (±6.10) | <0.001 | |
| Race | |||||||
| Caucasian | 66.7 (251) | 75.5(40) | 65.0 (13) | 69.7(175) | 48.9 (23) | 0.001 | |
| Black | 29.1 (108) | 17.0 (9) | 20.0 (4) | 29.1 (73) | 46.8 (22) | ||
| Asian | 3.2 (12) | 7.5 (4) | 15.0 (3) | 1.2 (3) | 4.3 (47) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 40.2 (149) | 41.5 (22) | 30.0 (6) | 42.6 (107) | 29.8 (107) | 0.303 | |
| Hypertension | 93.3 (349) | 92.5 (49) | 100.0 (20) | 93.2 (254) | 91.5 (43) | 0.673 | |
| Heart failure | 28.3 (105) | 32.1 (17) | 35.0 (7) | 27.9 (70) | 23.4 (11) | 0.715 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17.8 (66) | 23.1 (12) | 15.0 (3) | 17.1 (43) | 17.0 (8) | 0.777 | |
| Prior cancer | 13.5 (50) | 26.4 (14) | 5.0 (1) | 11.2 (28) | 14.9 (7) | 0.018 | |
| Stroke | 10.8 (40) | 13.2 (7) | 15.0 (3) | 10.0 (25) | 10.6 (5) | 0.847 | |
| Osteoarthritis | 35.1 (129) | 32.1 (17) | 30.0 (6) | 38.2 (95) | 24.4 (11) | 0.303 | |
| Falls in prior six months | 28.8 (107) | 32.1 (17) | 45.0 (9) | 27.1 (68) | 27.7 (13) | 0.361 | |
| Alcohol history | 13.2 (49) | 15.1 (8) | 5.0 (1) | 12.7 (32) | 17.0 (8) | 0.571 | |
| Smoking history | 47.3 (175) | 46.2 (24) | 40.0 (8) | 46.2 (116) | 57.4 (27) | 0.479 | |
| Physical performance | |||||||
| Grip strength (kg mean ± SD) | 23.64 (±7.87) | 16.36 (±5.08) | 17.47 (±5.42) | 24.55 (±7.59) | 25.57 (±7.08) | <0.001 | |
| Walking speed (m/s mean ± SD) | 0.78 (±0.38) | 0.56 (±0.25) | 0.71 (±0.38) | 0.79 (±0.40) | 0.91 (±0.36) | <0.001 | |
| Body composition | |||||||
| Total body fat % mean ± SD | 38.78 (±9.55) | 40.48 (±7.67) | 23.13 (±6.17) | 40.98 (±7.60) | 20.86 (±5.30) | <0.001 | |
| ASLM (kg/m2 mean ± SD) | 6.66 (±1.16) | 5.67 (±0.74) | 5.63 (±0.58) | 6.92 (±1.12) | 6.88 (±0.99) | <0.001 | |
| BMI (kg/m2 mean ± SD) | 27.03 (±4.66) | 24.87 (±3.66) | 19.59 (±2.07) | 28.27 (±4.22) | 21.69 (±2.45) | <0.001 | |
ASLM: appendicular skeletal lean mass index; BMI: body mass index; TBF: total body fat percentage.
*
The Pearson's Chi-square test was used for categorical data and one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables.