Extended Data Figure 6. Corresponds to Figure 6.

a. Timeline shows Th9 adoptive transfer-induced airway inflammation. Ovalbumin (OVA)-specific OT-ii Th9 cells were differentiated in vitro, sorted for IL-9⁺ cells, and adoptively transferred. Recipient mice were treated with IL-2 and IL-4 intratracheally and intranasally. b. Timeline shows papain-induced airway inflammation with tofacitinib; mice were treated with vehicle vs. tofacitinib between sensitization and challenge. c-e. Pooled counts of pulmonary CD45⁺TCRβ⁺CD4⁺CD44⁺IL-13⁺ (c), CD45⁺TCRβ⁺CD4⁺CD44⁺IL-17A⁺ (d), and CD45⁺TCRβ⁺CD4⁺CD44⁺IL-2⁺ cells (e) mice treated with vehicle vs. tofacitinib between sensitization and challenge. n=6 (PBS/PBS), 5 (PBS/tofa), 10 (Papain/MC and Papain/tofa) f. Timeline shows papain-induced airway inflammation with tofacitinib and αIL-9. Mice were treated as in (b) but also received isotype or αIL-9 every other day. g-k. Pooled counts of pulmonary CD45⁺TCRβ⁺CD4⁺CD44⁺IL-9⁺ (g), CD45⁺TCRβ⁺CD4⁺CD44⁺IL-13⁺ (h), and live CD45⁺TCRβ⁺CD4⁺CD44⁺IL-4⁺ cells (i), representative periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stained images (j) and pooled histology scores (k) of mice treated as in Fig S6f; n=5 (PBS/isotype/MC), 8 (Papain/isotype/MC), and 10 (Papain/αIL-9/MC and Papain/αIL-9/tofa). For all in vivo experiments: Bar graphs show mean ± SEM; 2-sided Mann-Whitney (unpaired). All replicates are biologically independent samples from ≥ 2 independent experiments. l-o. Line graphs show expression (mean ± SEM) over 96 hours of IL9 (l), STAT5A (m), STAT5B (n), and STAT6 (o), in skin of nickel-allergic patients exposed to nickel over 96 hours (n=7) p. Graph shows normalized enrichment scores and false discovery rate (GSEA) for expression of “allergic Th9” cassette, STAT5-induced genes, and STAT6-induced genes in 7h-nickel-exposed, 48h-nickel-exposed, and 96h-nickel-exposed skin relative to pre-exposed/unexposed skin.