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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2023 May 19;176:107984. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107984

Table 1.

Participant characteristics at breast tissue donation, overall and by PM2.5 component cluster, Komen Tissue Bank, 2009–2019

Overall
(n = 3,977)
Cluster 1
(n = 2,866)
Cluster 2
(n = 735)
Cluster 3
(n = 376)
Census region, n (%)
Midwest 3327 (83.7%) 2865 (100.0%) 461 (62.7%) 1 (0.3%)
Northeast 111 (2.8%) 1 (0.0%) 29 (3.9%) 81 (21.5%)
South 260 (6.5%) 0 (0%) 245 (33.3%) 15 (4.0%)
West 279 (7.0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 279 (74.2%)
PM2.5 (ug/m3)
Median [IQR] 11.5 [5.6, 14.5] 11.5 [6.8, 14.5] 11.0 [5.6, 14.1] 9.71 [6.1, 12.5]
Age at donation
Mean (SD) 43.8 (14.2) 43.4 (14.0) 44.4 (14.7) 45.5 (14.5)
Race/ethnicity, n (%)
Non-Hispanic Black 728 (18.3%) 622 (21.7%) 77 (10.5%) 29 (7.7%)
Non-Hispanic white 2718 (68.3%) 1996 (69.6%) 557 (75.8%) 165 (43.9%)
Hispanic 336 (8.4%) 174 (6.1%) 74 (10.1%) 88 (23.4%)
Other 195 (4.9%) 74 (2.6%) 27 (3.7%) 94 (25.0%)
Education, n (%)
High school or less 658 (16.5%) 470 (16.4%) 147 (20.0%) 41 (10.9%)
Some college 1001 (25.2%) 680 (23.7%) 218 (29.7%) 103 (27.4%)
Bachelors 1306 (32.8%) 982 (34.3%) 203 (27.6%) 121 (32.2%)
Graduate degree or higher 1012 (25.4%) 734 (25.6%) 167 (22.7%) 111 (29.5%)
Mean (SD) 29.7 (7.7) 29.8 (7.8) 30.0 (7.6) 28.7 (7.2)
< 18.5 44 (1.1%) 26 (0.9%) 10 (1.4%) 8 (2.1%)
18.5 to < 25.0 1208 (30.4%) 874 (30.5%) 198 (26.9%) 136 (36.2%)
25.0 to < 30 1069 (26.9%) 792 (27.6%) 193 (26.3%) 84 (22.3%)
≥ 30 1656 (41.6%) 1174 (41.0%) 334 (45.4%) 148 (39.4%)
Smoking status, n (%)
Never 2930 (73.7%) 2106 (73.5%) 542 (73.7%) 282 (75.0%)
Former 817 (20.5%) 595 (20.8%) 144 (19.6%) 78 (20.7%)
Current 230 (5.8%) 165 (5.8%) 49 (6.7%) 16 (4.3%)
Menopause status, n (%)
Premenopausal 2610 (65.6%) 1936 (67.6%) 438 (59.6%) 236 (62.8%)
Postmenopausal 1367 (34.4%) 930 (32.4%) 297 (40.4%) 140 (37.2%)
Urbanicity, n (%)
Urban 3574 (89.9%) 2651 (92.5%) 550 (74.8%) 373 (99.2%)
Suburban 387 (9.7%) 204 (7.1%) 181 (24.6%) 2 (0.5%)
Rural 16 (0.4%) 11 (0.4%) 4 (0.5%) 1 (0.3%)
Percent fat on the slide, n (%)
0 to ≤25% 250 (6.3%) 190 (6.6%) 30 (4.1%) 30 (8.0%)
> 25 to ≤50% 502 (12.6%) 393 (13.7%) 67 (9.1%) 42 (11.2%)
> 50 to ≤75% 887 (22.3%) 679 (23.7%) 136 (18.5%) 72 (19.1%)
> 75–100% 2338 (58.8%) 1604 (56.0%) 502 (68.3%) 232 (61.7%)
Year of donation, n (%)
2009 353 (8.9%) 319 (11.1%) 34 (4.6%) 0 (0%)
2010 360 (9.1%) 329 (11.5%) 31 (4.2%) 0 (0%)
2011 483 (12.1%) 321 (11.2%) 159 (21.6%) 3 (0.8%)
2012 997 (25.1%) 837 (29.2%) 156 (21.2%) 4 (1.1%)
2013 387 (9.7%) 193 (6.7%) 12 (1.6%) 182 (48.4%)
2014 406 (10.2%) 385 (13.4%) 21 (2.9%) 0 (0%)
2015 231 (5.8%) 76 (2.7%) 136 (18.5%) 19 (5.1%)
2016 400 (10.1%) 251 (8.8%) 148 (20.1%) 1 (0.3%)
2017 193 (4.9%) 84 (2.9%) 27 (3.7%) 82 (21.8%)
2018 128 (3.2%) 38 (1.3%) 5 (0.7%) 85 (22.6%)
2019 39 (1.0%) 33 (1.2%) 6 (0.8%) 0 (0%)