Table 3.
All quality ratings by component for included studies
| Author and Year | Selection Bias | Study Design | Confounders | Blindinga | Data Collection Method | Withdrawals/ Dropoutsb | Global Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anderson et al. (1997) | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Moderate |
| Calugi et al. (2018) | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate | Weak | Weak |
| Carter et al. (2006) | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Moderate | Weak | Weak |
| Carter et al. (2012) | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Weak | Weak | Weak |
| Castellini et al. (2018) | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
| Cook et al. (2022) | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | Strong | Strong | Weak | Weak |
| Fallon et al. (1994) | Strong | Weak | Weak | Weak | Moderate | Not applicable | Weak |
| Hazzard et al. (2021) | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | NA, secondary data analysis of randomized controlled trial | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
| Hicks (2016) | Strong | Moderate | Weak | NA, retrospective chart review | Weak | Weak | Weak |
| Luadzers (1998) | Weak | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Strong | Strong | Weak |
| Masson et al. (2007) | Strong | Moderate | Weak | NA, retrospective chart review | Weak | Not applicable | Weak |
| K. S. Mitchell, Singh, et al. (2021) | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | NA, secondary data analysis of routinely collected outcome data | Moderate | Weak | Moderate |
| Ridley (2009) | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | NA, retrospective chart review | Strong | Not applicable | Moderate |
| Rodríguez et al. (2005) | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Not applicable | Moderate |
| Scharff, Ortiz, Forrest, Smith, et al. (2021) | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | NA, secondary data analysis of routinely collected outcome data | Moderate | Weak | Moderate |
| Strangio et al. (2017) | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Strong | Weak | Weak |
| Trottier (2020) | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | NA, secondary data analysis of routinely collected outcome data | Strong | Not applicable | Strong |
| Vrabel et al. (2010) | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Strong | Strong | Weak |
Note. NA = not applicable.
a
“Not applicable” ratings were given if it was clear that the current research questions were part of a secondary data analysis or retrospective chart review.
b
“Not applicable” ratings were given if the study design was retrospective case-control.