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. 2023 Jun 7;14:3315. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39068-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Transferred charge (a), average surface charge density (b) and charge-keeping rate (c) of PTFE, PVC and PTFE films. Insert: Contact and non-contact test method. Data are presented as mean (SD) with error of repeated tests: n = 5. d Molecular electrostatic potential surface of PVC, PTFE and PCTFE illustrated by 10 repeat units. e Layer model of the interface and equivalent circuit. Transferred charge (f) and charge-keeping rate (g) of dielectric bilayer with various thickness at 15, 20, 25, 55, 75 μm, and rough surface modified interface at raw, bended and stretched state.