Table 8.

Convergent construct validity: participants with down syndrome.

Measures	CELF-4 EV	CELF-4 FS	VABS-II EC	GFTA-2 SiW	SB-5 VWM
Composite 1a	0.52****	0.51****	0.41****	0.51****	0.56****
Composite 2b	0.30**	0.19	0.35***	0.40****	0.26*
Composite 3c	0.12	0.18	− 0.15	− 0.09	0.05

Uncorrected p values for individual tests marked with asterisks as follows: *p ≤ 0.050, **p ≤ 0.01 ***p ≤ 0.005, ****p ≤ 0.001. Bold cells contain values significant at p ≤ 0.050 after FDR correction for multiple tests.

^aDefined by high loadings for lexical diversity, syntax, and unintelligibility.

^bDefined by high loadings for dysfluency in conversation and narration.

^cDefined by high loadings for talkativeness in conversation and narration.