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. 2023 Jun 7;13:9246. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36482-w

Table 1.

Physical properties of materials and device in DEM model.

Item Parameters Values
Particles22 Particle size/mm 0.10
Shear modulus/Pa 10 × 106
Poisson’s ratio 0.25
Density/(kg/m3) 440
Angle of repose test device (steel16) Shear modulus/Pa 7 × 1010
Poisson’s ratio 0.3
Density/(kg/m3) 7850
Contact parameters MM coefficient of restitution 0.05–0.3
MM rolling friction factor 0.1–0.5
MM static friction factor 0.4–0.8
MS coefficient of restitution 0.05–0.3
MS rolling friction factor 0.1–0.4
MS static friction factor 0.3–0.7
JKR surface energy/(J/m2) 0.1–0.8

Notes: MM means between feed raw materials and materials; MS means between feed raw materials and stainless steel.