Table 7.
Descriptive statistics for secondary endpoints—esmethadone vs. ketamine and DMX.
| Ketamine Study | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistic | Esmethadone 25 mg (N = 51) | Esmethadone 75 mg (N = 51) | Esmethadone 150 mg (N = 51) | Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg (N = 51) | DXM 300 mg (N = 51) | Placebo (N = 51) |
| Overall Drug Liking bipolar VAS | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 51.3 (7.98) | 50.8 (13.72) | 52.9 (20.13) | 87.4 (19.35) | 57.7 (30.82) | 47.7 (9.68) |
| Median | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 100.0 | 59.0 | 50.0 |
| Range | 43–100 | 0–00 | 0–100 | 41–100 | 0–100 | 0–54 |
| Take Drug Again bipolar VAS | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 50.5 (10.87) | 50.0 (18.25) | 53.5 (24.40) | 88.2 (21.95) | 55.2 (32.44) | 48.8 (13.29) |
| Median | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 100.0 | 51.0 | 50.0 |
| Range | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 1–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 |
| High unipolar VAS | ||||||
| Emax | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.9 (6.44) | 10.2 (18.94) | 17.3 (25.92) | 87.7 (21.70) | 60.8 (36.68) | 2.1 (4.26) |
| Median | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 100.0 | 73.0 | 0.0 |
| Range | 0–27 | 0–79 | 0–100 | 19–100 | 1–100 | 0–19 |
| Good Effects unipolar VAS | ||||||
| Emax | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.9 (8.73) | 10.2 (20.36) | 19.5 (28.59) | 86.3 (22.26) | 47.2 (35.56) | 2.7 (8.63) |
| Median | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 100.0 | 49.0 | 0.0 |
| Range | 0–50 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 14–100 | 0–100 | 0–57 |
| Bad Effects unipolar VAS Emax | ||||||
| Emax | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.6 (11.62) | 5.2 (14.55) | 7.1 (18.20) | 14.0 (28.36) | 34.7 (37.47) | 3.3 (9.19) |
| Median | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 22.0 | 0.0 |
| Range | 0–80 | 0–71 | 0–90 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–50 |
| Alertness/Drowsiness unipolar VAS | ||||||
| Emax | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 51.4 (7.03) | 52.6 (9.51) | 53.6 (10.00) | 69.0 (21.29) | 58.9 (15.82) | 51.2 (6.99) |
| Median | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 54.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
| Range | 50–100 | 50–100 | 50–100 | 50–100 | 50–100 | 50–100 |
| Any Effects unipolar VAS | ||||||
| Emax | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.3 (11.56) | 13.5 (21.48) | 21.4 (28.47) | 90.1 (20.11) | 66.8 (35.71) | 4.3 (8.03) |
| Median | 0.0 | 2.0 | 8.0 | 100.0 | 79.0 | 1.0 |
| Range | 0–73 | 0–89 | 0–100 | 11–100 | 1–100 | 0–36 |
| Hallucinations unipolar VAS | ||||||
| Emax | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.55) | 0.3 (0.77) | 0.6 (2.24) | 23.1 (38.05) | 7.5 (19.21) | 0.2 (0.45) |
| Median | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Range | 0–3 | 0–5 | 0–14 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–2 |
| Bowdle—External Perception unipolar VAS | ||||||
| Emax | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.58) | 1.1 (3.21) | 1.9 (4.56) | 33.9 (31.61) | 11.1 (17.83) | 0.2 (0.63) |
| Median | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 21.3 | 2.3 | 0.0 |
| Range | 0–4 | 0–18 | 0–21 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–4 |
| Bowdle—Internal Perception unipolar VAS | ||||||
| Emax | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.17) | 0.4 (1.04) | 0.3 (0.59) | 17.5 (24.26) | 6.9 (10.64) | 0.3 (1.35) |
| Median | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 9.6 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
| Range | 0–1 | 0–5 | 0–3 | 0–100 | 0–40 | 0–10 |
| Drug Similarity at 12 h unipolar VAS | ||||||
| Ketamine | ||||||
| n | 51 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 51 | 51 |
| Mean (SD) | 0.5 (2.34) | 5.5 (15.26) | 10.1 (24.20) | 93.1 (21.64) | 37.9 (36.35) | 1.2 (6.79) |
| Median | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 34.0 | 0.0 |
| Range | 0–14 | 0–85 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–48 |
| Opioids | ||||||
| n | 30 | 30 | 30 | 29 | 30 | 30 |
| Mean (SD) | 5.8 (19.06) | 11.7 (28.54) | 16.7 (29.03) | 22.8 (34.35) | 23.8 (33.72) | 5.5 (19.59) |
| Median | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Range | 0–100 | 0–98 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 |
Overall Drug Liking VAS is a bipolar scale where a score of 0 represents “strong disliking,” a score of 100 represents “strong liking,” and a score of 50 represents “neither like nor dislike” (neutral point). The question text is, “Overall, my liking for this drug is.”
Take Drug Again VAS is a bipolar scale where a score of 0 represents “definitely not,” a score of 100 represents “definitely so,” and a score of 50 represents “neutral” (neutral point). The question text is, “I would take this drug again.”
Emax maximum effect; range minimum–maximum; SD standard deviation; VAS visual analog scale.