Table 1.
Demographics, medical history, and medication of participants with T2D and controls
| Parameter | T2D (n = 73) | Controls (n = 35) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 50.4 ± 6.3 | 48.6 ± 6.3 | 0.170 |
| Sex, n (%) males | 45 (61.6%) | 19 (56.3%) | 0.727 |
| Height, cm | 168.8 ± 9.4 | 169.3 ± 9.4 | 0.778 |
| Weight, kg | 102.6 ± 15.9 | 70.4 ± 10.9 | < 0.001* |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 36.1 ± 5.3 | 24.5 ± 2.4 | < 0.001* |
| SBP, mmHg | 139.8 ± 15.1 | 121.2 ± 13.4 | < 0.001* |
| DBP, mmHg | 87.8 ± 7.6 | 76.5 ± 7.3 | < 0.001* |
| HR, beats/min | 74.4 ± 9.8 | 61.8 ± 9.9 | < 0.001* |
| Medical history | |||
| Diabetes duration, months | 65.6 ± 39.1 | N/A | N/A |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 36 (49.3%) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 44 (60.3%) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* |
| Fasting blood tests | |||
| Glucose, mmol/L | 8.4 ± 2.47 | 5.1 ± 0.48 | < 0.001* |
| HbA1c, % | 7.3 ± 1.03 | 5.4 ± 0.24 | < 0.001* |
| Medications | |||
| ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 21 (28.8%) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* |
| ARB, n (%) | 10 (13.7%) | 0 (0) | 0.022* |
| Beta blocker, n (%) | 4 (5.5%) | 0 (0) | 0.158 |
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 16 (21.9%) | 0 (0) | 0.003* |
| Statin, n (%) | 47 (64.4%) | 0 (0) | < 0.001* |
| Metformin, n (%) | 71 (97.3%) | N/A | N/A |
| Sulfonylurea, n (%) | 11 (15.1%) | N/A | N/A |
| DPP-IV inhibitor, n (%) | 14 (19.2%) | N/A | N/A |
| SGLT2 inhibitor, n (%) | 9 (12.3%) | N/A | N/A |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist, n (%) | 8 (11.0%) | N/A | N/A |
Data represented as mean ± SD or number (%)
SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin-receptor blocker, CCB calcium channel blocker, DPP-IV dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, SGLT2 sodium glucose cotransporter-2, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1
*Indicates a significant difference with p < 0.05