Table 3.
The change in LA volumetric and strain parameters by CMR from baseline to week-12 in the three trial groups
| LA parameter | Routine care (n = 28) | Exercise (n = 22) | MRP (n = 23) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | p-value | Mean difference (95% CI) | Baseline | Week 12 | p-value | Mean difference (95% CI) | Intervention effect (p-value) | Baseline | Week 12 | p-value | Mean difference (95% CI) | Intervention effect (p-value) | |
| LA volumetric assessment | ||||||||||||||
| LAVMax, ml | 70.5 ± 16.6 | 70.1 ± 20.6 | 0.84 | − 0.41 (− 4.58, 3.74) | 70.4 ± 17.1 | 71.1 ± 16.5 | 0.77 | 0.66 (− 3.99, 5.31) | 0.725 | 81.3 ± 22.1 | 83.8 ± 27.7 | 0.51 | 2.51 (− 5.33, 10.3) | 0.491 |
| LAViMax, ml/m2 | 32.4 ± 6.7 | 32.6 ± 9.3 | 0.87 | 0.20 (− 2.30, 2.69) | 32.9 ± 8.0 | 33.4 ± 7.4 | 0.73 | 0.46 (− 2.26, 3.18) | 0.840 | 36.2 ± 9.2 | 40.2 ± 13.4 | 0.06 | 3.98 (− 0.11, 8.08) | 0.117 |
| LAVMin, ml | 29.4 ± 9.3 | 28.9 ± 9.8 | 0.61 | − 0.59 (− 2.96, 1.77) | 31.3 ± 10.9 | 31.1 ± 8.1 | 0.91 | − 0.21 (− 3.95, 3.53) | 0.573 | 37.8 ± 14.2 | 37.4 ± 15.4 | 0.88 | − 0.37 (− 5.31, 4.57) | 0.454 |
| LAViMin, ml/m2 | 13.5 ± 3.7 | 13.4 ± 4.3 | 0.86 | − 0.10 (− 1.26, 1.05) | 14.6 ± 5.2 | 14.6 ± 3.6 | 0.97 | − 0.03 (− 1.92, 1.85) | 0.555 | 16.8 ± 6.2 | 17.9 ± 7.6 | 0.35 | 1.13 (− 1.34, 3.61) | 0.178 |
| LA total EF, % | 58.4 ± 6.2 | 58.9 ± 4.9 | 0.69 | 0.48 (− 2.01, 2.97) | 55.8 ± 9.2 | 56.0 ± 5.9 | 0.91 | 0.20 (− 3.33, 3.74) | 0.141 | 54.5 ± 7.2 | 56.5 ± 6.8 | 0.16 | 2.03 (− 0.85, 4.91) | 0.603 |
| LA passive EF, % | 28.3 ± 7.0 | 30.0 ± 78 | 0.29 | 1.65 (− 1.52, 4.82) | 28.2 ± 11.0 | 30.0 ± 8.6 | 0.47 | 1.80 (− 3.32, 6.92) | 0.962 | 25.5 ± 7.4 | 28.1 ± 7.5 | 0.14 | 2.56 (− 0.92, 6.04) | 0.743 |
| LA active EF, % | 42.0 ± 6.4 | 41.0 ± 6.8 | 0.54 | − 1.04 (− 4.47, 2.38) | 38.4 ± 9.0 | 36.5 ± 9.1 | 0.29 | − 1.88 (− 5.49, 1.74) | 0.166 | 38.9 ± 7.4 | 39.4 ± 8.5 | 0.81 | 0.52 (− 3.97, 5.01) | 0.618 |
| LA strain assessment | ||||||||||||||
| LAS_r, % | 33.2 ± 7.8 | 33.9 ± 7.9 | 0.72 | 0.68 (− 3.17,4.53) | 30.6 ± 7.2 | 32.4 ± 6.3 | 0.28 | 1.86 (− 1.64, 5.36) | 0.674 | 29.9 ± 7.0 | 32.3 ± 7.0 | 0.036* | 2.41 (− 0.70, 5.52) | 0.770 |
| LAS_cd, % | 16.9 ± 6.2 | 16.8 ± 5.3 | 0.90 | − 0.15 (− 2.58, 2.28) | 15.3 ± 5.2 | 15.3 ± 3.7 | 0.98 | 0.04 (− 2.49, 2.57) | 0.453 | 15.3 ± 4.7 | 15.0 ± 5.3 | 0.86 | − 0.23 (− 3.05, 2.58) | 0.397 |
| LAS_bp, % | 16.3 ± 5.1 | 17.1 ± 7.1 | 0.95 | 0.83 (− 2.14, 3.80) | 15.3 ± 4.2 | 17.1 ± 5.4 | 0.09 | 1.82 (− 0.30, 3.95) | 0.808 | 14.6 ± 5.3 | 17.2 ± 3.7 | 0.034* | 2.64 (0.21, 5.07) | 0.731 |
Data represented as mean ± SD
Intervention effect = The change relative to routine care adjusted for baseline
LAVimax left atrial maximum volume index, LAVimin left atrial minimum volume index, LAEF left atrial emptying fraction, LAS_r Left atrial strain at reservoir phase, LAS_cd left atrial strain at conduit phase, LAS_bp Left atrial strain at booster pump phase, MRP meal replacement plan (~ 810 kcal/day)
*Indicates a significant difference with p < 0.05