TABLE 1:

Select studies of PSI, frPSI and failures of semantic inhibitory control (e.g. semantic intrusion errors) on the LASSI-L

Study Reference	Clinical Population Studied	Cultural Diversity of Sample	Primary LASSI-L Subtests Highlighted	Biomarker(s) Examined	General Conclusions
Loewenstein, D. A., Curiel, R. E., DeKosky, S., Bauer, R. M., Rosselli, M., Guinjoan, S. M., Adjouadi, M., Peñate, A., Barker, W. W., Goenaga, S., Golde, T., Greig-Custo, M. T., Hanson, K. S., Li, C., Lizarraga, G., Marsiske, M., & Duara, R. (2018). Utilizing semantic intrusions to identify amyloid positivity in mild cognitive impairment. Neurology, 91(10), e976–e984.	early AD (Amy+), SNAP (Amy-), or other neurologica l/psychiatric diagnosis (Amy-)	Hispanic/Latino (>30%)	Semantic intrusion errors on Cued B1 and Cued B2	Positive association with amyloid PET and MRI	SIs on the LASSI-L related to PSI and frPSI uniquely differentiated Amy+ and Amy− participants with aMCI
Capp, K. E., Curiel Cid, R. E., Crocco, E. A., Stripling, A., Kitaigorodsky, M., Sierra, L. A., Melo, J. G., & Loewenstein, D. A. (2020). Semantic Intrusion Error Ratio Distinguishes Between Cognitively Impaired and Cognitively Intact African American Older Adults. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease: JAD, 73(2), 785–790.	Cognitively Unimpaired and amnestic MCI	Black/Afric an American older adults	Percentage of Intrusion Errors (PIE) on Cued B1	None studied	PIE on LASSI-L subscales susceptible to PSI differentiated aMCI from CN and adds to emerging evidence that the LASSI-L may be culturally appropriate for use in Black/African American groups.
Curiel Cid, R. E., Loewenstein, D. A., Rosselli, M., Matias‐Guiu, J. A., Piña, D., Adjouadi, M., … & Duara, R. (2019). A cognitive stress test for prodromal Alzheimer’s disease: Multiethnic generalizability. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring, 11(1), 550–559.	Cognitively Unimpaired and amnestic MCI	Hispanic/Latino (>45%)	Cued A2, Cued B1, Cued B2, Cued A3, delayed recall and semantic intrusion errors on all subtests	Associated with cortical thinning of the entorhinal cortex and precuneus on MRI in those with aMCI	Healthy controls obtained equivalent scores on all indices except retroactivesemantic interference. English-speaking and Spanish-speaking aMCI participants had equivalentscores except English speaker’s greater vulnerability to frPSI
Crocco, E., Curiel-Cid, R. E., Kitaigorodsky, M., González-Jiménez, C. J., Zheng, D., Duara, R., & Loewenstein, D. A. (2020). A Brief Version of the LASSI-L Detects Prodromal Alzheimer’s Disease States. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease: JAD, 78(2), 789–799. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200790	early-stage MCI, late-stage MCI to mild AD	Hispanic/Latino (>50%)	Cued A2, Cued B1 and semantic intrusion errors on Cued B1	Positive association with amyloid PET	LASSI-L subscales taking approximately 6–8 minutes to administer, had excellent discriminative ability using established cut-offs among individuals with biomarker-confirmed prodromal AD.
Kitaigorodsky, M., Crocco, E., Curiel-Cid, R. E., Leal, G., Zheng, D., Eustache, M. K., Greig-Custo, M. T., Barker, W., Duara, R., & Loewenstein, D. A. (2021). The relationship of semantic intrusions to different etiological subtypes of MCI and cognitively healthy older adults. Alzheimer’s & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 13(1), e12192. https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.12192	Cognitively Normal: Amyloid Negative, MCI ‐ Non‐ Neurologic al: Amyloid Negative; MCI – Neurologic al: Amyloid Negative; MCI – SNAP: Amyloid Negative; MCI – AD: Amyloid Positive	Hispanic/Latino (>50%)	Cued B1, Cued B2, and semantic intrusion errors on these subtests	Positive association with amyloid PET	Semantic intrusion errors on the LASSI-L occur much less frequently in persons who have different types of non-AD-related MCI and may be used as an early cognitive marker of prodromal AD.
Crocco, E. A., Curiel Cid, R., Kitaigorodsky, M., Grau, G. A., Garcia, J. M., Duara, R., Barker, W., Chirinos, C. L., Rodriguez, R., & Loewenstein, D. A. (2021). Intrusion Errors and Progression of Cognitive Deficits in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and PreMCI States. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders, 50(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1159/000512804	116 older adults in the following groups: Stable Cognitively Unimpaired, amnestic MCI who progressed to dementia, PreMCI, PreMCI who Progressed to MCI or Reverted to CU	Hispanic/Latino (>50%)	Percentage of intrusion errors made in relation to total responses on Cued B1	None studied	Percentage of Intrusion Errors (PIE) on LASSI-L subscales that measure PSI may be a useful predictor of clinical progression over time in at-risk older adults.
Curiel Cid, R. E., Crocco, E. A., Kitaigorodsky, M., Beaufils, L., Peña, P. A., Grau, G., Visser, U., & Loewenstein, D. A. (2021). A Novel Computerized Cognitive Stress Test to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment. The journal of prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, 8(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.14283/jpad.2021.1	Cognitively Unimpaired and amnestic MCI	Hispanic/Latino (>50%)	Cued A2, Cued B1, Cued B2	None studied	The LASSI-BC, a brief computerized version of the LASSI-L is a valid and useful cognitive tool for the detection of aMCI among older adults.