Table 3.
Four Clinical characteristics of four cases with other neuronal autoantibodies identified by IHC.
| Sex | Age | ELISA GAD65-Ab | CBA GAD65/67-Ab | IHC | Diagnosis | Comorbidity | Treatment | Response to treatment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case 1 | M | 50 | 779.1 | Negative | Weak positive to unknown antigens | LADA | Anxiety | n/a | n/a |
| Case 2 | M | 65 | 1136.5 | Negative | Weak positive to unknown antigens | LADA | No | n/a | n/a |
| Case 3 | F | 51 | 3.4 | Negative | Anti-mGluR1 | Refractory epilepsy (anti-mGluR1 encephalitis)* | No | Valproic acid (IVIG)* | Seizure reduction; (further reduction)* |
| Case 4 | M | 83 | 0.3 | Negative | Weak positive to unknown antigens | Encephalitis | No | Fenytoin, Levetiracetam | Seizure reduction |
GAD65/67-Abs, glutamate decarboxylase 65/67 autoantibodies; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CBA, cell-based assay; IHC, immunohistochemistry; Anti-Hu, anti-Hu autoantibodies; Anti-mGluR1, autoantibodies against metabotropic glutamate receptor 1; LADA, Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults; n/a, not applicable.
*Anti-mGluR1 encephalitis was the final diagnosis of case 3 after the IHC results confirmed by CBA, thus the patient was treated further.