Table 6.
Average percentage reduction or increase in fungal growth and associated mycotoxins following treatment with agri-food extracts.
| Apple | Grape seeds | Grape stalks | Green beans | Hop IPA | Hop IPA UAE | Pear | Red grape leaves UAE | Red grape leaves NAV | Tomato | WG-NAV | WG-UAE | RG-NAV | RG-UAE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F. graminearum | ||||||||||||||
| Growth | 0.0 | 0.0 | −22.5 ± 18.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −22.8 ± 12.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −14.7 ± 14.5 | −25.0 ± 2.9 | −14.7 ± 5.1 | −7.8 ± 7.4 |
| DON | −49.3 ± 9.8 | −11.7 ± 28.6 | −8.8 ± 67.1 | −38.5 ± 20.2 | −41.6 ± 26.8 | 5.5 ± 26.3 | 56.9 ± 78.9 | −46.4 ± 12.3 | −8.5 ± 22.6 | −70.4 ± 11.4 | 58.2 ± 188 | −79.7 ± 5.4 | 116 ± 249 | 48.0 ± 141 |
| ZEN | −85.4 ± 18.5 | −90.0 ± 7.8 | −97.4 ± 3.4 | −75.5 ± 32.1 | −89.3 ± 10.6 | −97.0 ± 2.8 | −100 | −81.0 ± 13.3 | −63.0 ± 37.6 | −94.7 ± 5.6 | −100 | −100 | −100 | −97.6 ± 3.5 |
| F. verticillioides | ||||||||||||||
| Growth | −1.2 ± 2.2 | 9.1 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 3.9 | −2.5 ± 4.8 | 9.1 ± 0.1 | 8.7 ± 0.7 | −18.3 ± 6.9 | 7.4 ± 3.0 | 9.1 ± 0.1 | 9.1 ± 0.1 | 2.6 ± 3.7 | 4.6 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 5.1 | 5.2 ± 0.8 |
| FBs (FB1 + FB2) | 14.0 ± 25.4 | −10.8 ± 39.3 | −75.8 ± 14.3 | −63.8 ± 19.0 | 26.4 ± 46.9 | −29.8 ± 24.1 | −81.4 ± 5.3 | 25.7 ± 23.1 | −52.0 ± 48.9 | −24.4 ± 19.5 | −94.0 ± 0.1 | −71.0 ± 4.0 | −49.0 ± 5.7 | −76.6 ± 9.6 |
| A. flavus | ||||||||||||||
| Growth | −8.1 ± 5.9 | 11.4 ± 0.1 | −33.4 ± 13.6 | −9.8 ± 13.9 | 11.4 ± 0.1 | 8.1 ± 0.1 | −46.7 ± 9.7 | 10.3 ± 1.9 | 11.4 ± 0.1 | −23.8 ± 15.7 | −31.0 ± 8.2 | −21.4 ± 4.9 | −27.9 ± 21.5 | −13.8 ± 5.8 |
| AFB1 | −35.8 ± 23.5 | 31.4 ± 21.1 | −30.1 ± 26.9 | −20.0 ± 27.7 | −57.7 ± 2.7 | 26.3 ± 17.7 | −74.8 ± 13.9 | −71.5 ± 2.2 | 6.2 ± 13.1 | −4.8 ± 26.7 | −54.4 ± 8.4 | −32.8 ± 12.5 | −5.0 ± 69.1 | 20.1 ± 29.1 |
| A. carbonarius | ||||||||||||||
| Growth | −23.3 ± 11.9 | 5.6 ± 7.5 | −26.7 ± 8.1 | −28.0 ± 5.9 | 7.1 ± 3.3 | −0.2 ± 8.8 | −44.8 ± 3.6 | 7.3 ± 4.5 | 4.5 ± 6.7 | −23.9 ± 26.0 | −51.3 ± 20.6 | −46.6 ± 16.4 | −36.4 ± 10.4 | −46.8 ± 6.0 |
| OTA | 164 ± 86.6 | 134 ± 70.6 | −53.9 ± 25.8 | 47.1 ± 39.3 | −70.7 ± 40.6 | −37.4 ± 56.8 | −54.3 ± 21.3 | −40.2 ± 16.0 | 25.6 ± 19.7 | 26.9 ± 82.7 | 6.1 ± 87.2 | −24.9 ± 50.6 | −57.4 ± 11.2 | −2.3 ± 23.4 |
| A. alternata | ||||||||||||||
| Growth | 0.4 ± 10.8 | 22.9 ± 5.1 | 23.6 ± 1.3 | −5.8 ± 8.6 | 10.0 ± 7.3 | 15.7 ± 8.0 | 15.7 ± 6.7 | 13.2 ± 21.8 | 15.0 ± 2.6 | 9.5 ± 6.8 | 25.8 ± 0.1 | 22.4 ± 6.0 | 18.9 ± 6.2 | 17.4 ± 6.7 |
| TeA | 33.6 ± 23.0 | −50.3 ± 10.0 | 15.4 ± 20.0 | −9.7 ± 8.4 | −26.0 ± 30.6 | −42.8 ± 9.1 | −6.6 ± 7.4 | −12.1 ± 18.7 | −48.4 ± 2.3 | 17.7 ± 37.8 | 21.7 ± 30.7 | 13.4 ± 6.7 | 34.6 ± 27.3 | −46.6 ± 5.3 |
| AOH | 31.3 ± 46.7 | −17.1 ± 19.0 | −61.5 ± 7.8 | −61.8 ± 41.1 | 52.5 ± 96.7 | −10.7 ± 39.7 | −77.8 ± 14.7 | −20.8 ± 53.7 | 4.7 ± 14.9 | −20.0 ± 86.9 | −82.8 ± 13.4 | −82.3 ± 13.9 | −77.9 ± 11.1 | −17.3 ± 30.8 |
| AME | −26.1 ± 9.6 | −45.2 ± 21.9 | −83.7 ± 0.3 | −94.4 ± 6.6 | 15.3 ± 82.4 | −23.7 ± 40.1 | −90.9 ± 8.4 | −58.5 ± 32.7 | −34.0 ± 30.6 | −69.5 ± 41.4 | −95.9 ± 3.2 | −93.1 ± 5.7 | −89.5 ± 3.2 | −48.5 ± 28.7 |