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. 2023 May 25;14:1182409. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1182409

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Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Wang, Zhang, Shen, Huang, Wang, Huang, Chen, Xu, Zhao, Qi, Li, Ou, Yang and Qian

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Affinity and binding kinetics of each scFv targeting CEA. The K_D of each scFv was obtained and calculated based on a gradient of 5 concentrations. (A) M5A, (B) hMN-14, (C) BW431/26, and (D) C2-45. A lower K_D value indicates higher affinity. Each experiment was conducted three independent times (n=3).