Table 5.
Primer biomarkers applicable in gelatin source authentication.
| Species (origin) | Sequence (5′–3′) | Size (bp) | Target genes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porcine | Forward: ATTTCCATCCCACAGCCC Reverse: AACAGATGCTGACTCACAGAC |
– | MPRE42 | [118] |
| Bovine | Forward: GCCTAAATCTCCCCTCAATGGTA Reverse: ATGAAAGAGGCAAATAGATTTTCG |
271 | Cyt b | [119] |
| Porcine | Forward: GACCTCCCAGCTCCATCAAACATCTCATCTTGATGAAA Reverse: GCT GAT AGT AGA TTT GTG ATG ACC GTA |
398 | Cyt b | [120] |
| Bovine | Forward: CGGCACAAATTTAGTCGAAT Reverse: TGGACTATGGCAATTGCTATG |
120 | Cyt b | [121] |
| Universal fish primer | Forward: ATCACAAAGACATTGGCACCCT Reverse: AATGAAGGGGGGAGGAGTCAGAA |
295 | COI | [24] |
| Porcine | Forward: TTACGGATGAGTTATTCGCTACCTA Reverse: TATAGGCCTCGCCCTACGT |
87 | Cyt b | [24] |