Table 4:
Multivariable logistic regression analyses showing association of cannabis use disorder with infant outcomes
| Infant outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stillbirth | Infant death | NICU admission | Small for gestational age | Respiratory distress syndrome | Hypoglycemia | |
| Cannabis use disorders | 0.96 (0.69–1.34) | 1.86 (1.44–2.41)* | 1.24 (1.16–1.33)* | 1.47 (1.38–1.56)* | 1.16 (1.07–1.27)* | 1.22 (1.00–1.49) |
| Race and ethnicity (Ref: Non-Hispanic white) | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.41 (1.25–1.59) | 1.46 (1.29–1.66) | 1.15 (1.12–1.18) | 2.38 (2.33–2.43) | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) |
| Hispanic | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | 0.75 (0.69–0.83) | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | 1.31 (1.29–1.33) | 0.77 (0.76–0.78) | 0.75 (0.72–0.78) |
| Asian | 0.86 (0.76–0.96) | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 1.14 (1.12–1.16) | 1.93 (1.89–1.96) | 0.72 (0.71–0.74) | 0.80 (0.76–0.84) |
| AIAN | 0.97 (0.58–1.63) | 1.15 (0.71–1.87) | 1.04 (0.95–1.15) | 1.18 (1.07–1.31) | 0.93 (0.83–1.03) | 1.19 (0.94–1.53) |
| Other/Multiracial | 0.59 (0.44–0.79) | 1.15 (0.92–1.45) | 1.15 (1.10–1.19) | 1.36 (1.31–1.42) | 0.96 (0.91–0.99) | 1.02 (0.92–1.13) |
| Maternal age (Ref: 20–34 years) | ||||||
| <20 years | 0.32 (0.28–0.38) | 1.48 (1.33–1.65) | 0.93 (0.92–0.95) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 0.93 (0.91–0.95) | 0.87 (0.82–0.93) |
| >=35 years | 1.77 (1.65–1.90) | 0.85 (0.76–0.94) | 1.09 (1.07–1.11) | 1.05 (1.03–1.06) | 1.12 (1.10–1.14) | 1.18 (1.14–1.23) |
| Some college education | 0.76 (0.71–0.82) | 0.86 (0.79–0.94) | 0.92 (0.91–0.94) | 0.89 (0.88–0.91) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) |
| BMI (Ref: Normal weight) | ||||||
| Underweight | 0.79 (0.65–0.95) | 1.05 (0.88–1.24) | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) | 1.57 (1.54–1.60) | 0.89 (0.87–0.93) | 1.00 (0.92–1.08) |
| Overweight | 1.35 (1.25–1.45) | 1.20 (1.10–1.31) | 1.10 (1.09–1.12) | 0.79 (0.78–0.80) | 1.16 (1.14–1.17) | 1.18 (1.14–1.23) |
| Obese | 1.59 (1.48–1.72) | 1.47 (1.35–1.60) | 1.23 (1.22–1.26) | 0.71 (0.69–0.72) | 1.34 (1.32–1.37) | 1.44 (1.38–1.49) |
| Public insurance | 1.24 (1.15–1.33) | 1.30 (1.19–1.41) | 1.20 (1.19–1.22) | 1.16 (1.14–1.17) | 1.04 (1.02–1.05) | 0.92 (0.89–0.95) |
| <5 total prenatal visits | 3.87 (3.53–4.24) | 3.42 (3.08–3.81) | 1.57 (1.53–1.62) | 1.21 (1.17–1.24) | 1.22 (1.18–1.26) | 0.98 (0.89 −1.07) |
| Nulliparous | 1.47 (1.38–1.57) | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 1.36 (1.34–1.38) | 1.65 (1.63–1.67) | 1.35 (1.33–1.37) | 1.19 (1.15–1.24) |
| Other substance use | 0.82 (0.55–1.22) | 1.43 (1.00–2.04) | 6.72 (6.20–7.27) | 1.83 (1.67–2.01) | 2.19 (1.97–2.42) | 1.92 (1.53–2.39) |
| Cigarrete smoker | 1.09 (0.93–1.27) | 1.40 (1.20–1.63) | 1.30 (1.26–1.34) | 1.69 (1.65–1.75) | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | 0.99 (0.89–1.09) |
| Alcohol use | 0.42 (0.17–1.02) | 0.62(0.27–1.40) | 1.46 (1.29–1.67) | 1.28 (1.12–1.45) | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 1.19 (0.83–1.72) |
| Preterm birth | 22.08(20.73–23.52) | 9.92 (9.25–10.64) | 11.40 (11.26–11.54) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | 10.26 (10.11–10.41) | 8.28 (8.02–8.56) |
*
p<0.005, Adjusted odds ratio (95% I) reported
*
Chi-square test.