Table 2.
Distribution of AMR genes among 32 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates from Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| AMR gene | Gene description | Resistance | Prevalence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | |||
| OqxA | efflux pump | fluoroquinolones | 32 | 100 |
| OqxB | efflux pump | fluoroquinolones | 32 | 100 |
| fosA | metalloglutathione transferase | fosfomycin | 30 | 93.8 |
| bla CTX-M-15 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 16 | 50 |
| bla TEM-1B | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 16 | 50 |
| dfrA14 | dihydrofolate reductase | trimethoprim | 16 | 50 |
| aph(3″)-Ib | aminoglycoside 3′-phosphotransferase | aminoglycoside | 12 | 37.5 |
| Sul2 | sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase | sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole | 12 | 37.5 |
| aph(6)-Id | aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferase | aminoglycoside | 11 | 34.4 |
| Sul1 | sulphonamide resistance dihydropteroate synthase | sulphonamides/co-trimoxazole | 11 | 34.4 |
| aac(6′)-Ib-cr | acetyltransferase | aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolones | 10 | 31.3 |
| tet(A) | tetracycline efflux | tetracycline efflux | 8 | 25 |
| mph(A) | repressor protein MphR(A) | macrolide | 8 | 25 |
| bla OXA-1 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 8 | 25 |
| bla SHV-28 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 8 | 25 |
| catB3 | chloramphenicol acetyltransferase | phenicol | 8 | 25 |
| bla SHV-106 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 7 | 21.9 |
| qnrB1 | plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance | fluoroquinolones | 6 | 18.8 |
| aadA2 | tetracycline efflux | aminoglycoside | 6 | 18.8 |
| aac(3)-IIa | aminoglycoside N(3)-acetyltransferase | aminoglycoside | 5 | 15.6 |
| Arr-3 | rifampicin ADP-ribosyltransferase (Arr) | rifampicin | 4 | 12.5 |
| qnrS1 | plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance | fluoroquinolones | 4 | 12.5 |
| erm(B) | ribosomal methylase | macrolide | 3 | 9.4 |
| bla SHV-11 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 3 | 9.4 |
| bla SHV-89 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 3 | 9.4 |
| blaSHV-56 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 3 | 9.4 |
| bla SHV-85 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 3 | 9.4 |
| bla SHV-79 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 3 | 9.4 |
| rmtF | 16S rRNA methyltransferase | aminoglycoside | 3 | 9.4 |
| bla SHV-187 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 2 | 6.25 |
| bla SHV-110 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 2 | 6.3 |
| bla SHV-81 | beta-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 2 | 6.3 |
| qnrS13 | plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance | fluoroquinolones | 2 | 6.3 |
| bla SHV-67 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 2 | 6.3 |
| bla SHV-40 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 2 | 6.3 |
| bla SHV-172 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 2 | 6.3 |
| aph(3′)-Ia | aminoglycoside 3′-phosphotransferases | aminoglycoside | 2 | 6.3 |
| bla SHV-75 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 2 | 6.3 |
| catA1 | chloramphenicol acetyltransferase | Phenicol | 2 | 6.3 |
| bla NDM-5 | carbapenemase | cephalosporins, carbapenems | 2 | 6.3 |
| bla OXA-232 | carbapenemase | cephalosporins, carbapenems | 2 | 6.3 |
| bla SHV-182 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 2 | 6.3 |
| armA | aminoglycoside resistance methylase | aminoglycoside | 2 | 6.3 |
| dfrA5 | dihydrofolate reductase | trimethoprim | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-185 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-94 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-96 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 1 | 3.1 |
| dfrA15 | dihydrofolate reductase | trimethoprim | 1 | 3.1 |
| floR | florfenicol resistance gene | phenicol | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-13 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-70 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 1 | 3.1 |
| fosA5 | metalloglutathione transferase | fosfomycin | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-33 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 1 | 3.1 |
| dfrA27 | dihydrofolate reductase | dihydrofolate reductase | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-27 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-145 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-179 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-194 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-199 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-26 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-78 | ESBL | aminopenicillins, cephalosporins | 1 | 3.1 |
| cmlA1 | chloramphenicol efflux | phenicol | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla SHV-41 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla OXA-181 | carbapenemase | cephalosporins, carbapenems | 1 | 3.1 |
| bla CMY-4 | b-lactamase | aminopenicillins | 1 | 3.1 |