Table 1.
Comparison of clinical indicators and serum Cat-S under grouping mode 1.
| Projects | Healthy control group | T2DM group | Early DKD group | Clinical DKD group | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (female/male)a |
25/18 | 32/52 | 14/27 | 26/49 | 0.960 |
| Age(year)b | 53.72 ± 9.95 | 56.26 ± 10.73 | 57.78 ± 10.72 | 53.69 ± 9.71 | 0.113 |
| BMI(Kg/m2)b | 24.20 (23.00, 25.20) | 25.09 (23.44, 27.61)* | 26.11 (23.84, 28.58)* | 26.41 (24.22, 29.06)* | < 0.001 |
| Duration of DM (years)c | 0 | 9.5(4.0~16.75) | 9.0(4.0~18.0) | 10.0(3.0~16.0) | 0.793 |
| SBP (mmHg)b | 124.6 ± 7.85 | 131.57 ± 16.67 | 134.80 ± 14.75 | 147.15 ± 18.70$& | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg)b | 74.77 ± 8.42 | 75.31 ± 10.98 | 77.05 ± 12.43 | 81.90 ± 3.55$ | 0.001 |
| FBG (mmol/L)c | 4.91(4.60, 5.15) | 7.37(5.89, 9.07)* | 8.18(6.27, 9.83)* | 7.79(5.29, 9.17)* | < 0.001 |
| HbAlC(mmol/L)c | 5.40(4.90, 5.60) | 8.00(7.23, 9.80)* | 8.90(7.50,10.65)* | 8.00(7.18, 9.00) * | < 0.001 |
| SUA (μmol/L)c | 295(241, 340) | 275(227, 357) | 280(215, 346) | 358 (289, 425) *$& | < 0.001 |
| Scr (μmol/L)c | 60.0(55.0, 67.0) | 57.5(44.0, 64.0) | 55.0(48.0, 62.5) | 95.0(68.0,156.0)*$& | < 0.001 |
| eGFR mL/min/(1.73 m2)c |
111.62 (96.12, 126.74) | 132.45 (109.63, 158.73)* | 135.56 (108.91, 152.09)* | 66.28 (36.39, 101.24)*$& | < 0.001 |
| BUN (mmol/L)c | 4.86(4.13, 5.82) | 5.83(4.87, 7.00)* | 5.52(4.83, 6.39) | 8.97(6.11,12.20)*$& | < 0.001 |
| UACR (mg/g)c | 10.2(6.4, 11.0) | 10.0(6.4, 17.1) | 92.4(53.9,188.1)*$ | 3271.0(1378.0, 6012.5)*$& | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L)c | 1.20(0.90, 1.58) | 1.42(1.08, 2.28) | 1.64(1.19, 2.59)* | 1.81(1.46, 2.36)*$ | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L)c | 4.38(3.69, 5.12) | 4.58(3.85, 5.46) | 4.19(3.49, 5.10) | 5.18(4.32, 6.59)*$& | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L)c | 1.37(1.17, 1.52) | 1.10(0.98, 1.29)* | 1.06(0.90, 1.36)* | 1.08(0.88, 1.31)* | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L)c | 2.92(2.14, 3.59) | 2.73(2.10, 3.40) | 2.43(1.93, 3.08) | 2.88(2.41, 3.96)& | 0.011 |
| Cat-S (pg/mL)c | 312.51 (216.58,476.86) | 476.45 (257.98,616.72) | 684.61 (468.21,834.20)*$ | 1688.71 (1236.28, 2227.65)*$& | < 0.001 |
| CysC (mg/L)c | – | 0.84(0.75, 0.93) | 0.88(0.84, 0.96) | 1.57(1.04, 2.30)$& | < 0.001 |
| RBP (mg/L)c | – | 38.0(33.9, 46.2) | 39.2(33.8, 46.7) | 53.9(46.0, 66.3) $& | < 0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbAlC, glycosylated hemoglobin; SUA, blood uric acid; Scr, serum creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UACR, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL⁃C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL⁃C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Cat-S, Cathepsin S; CysC, cystatin C; RBP, retinol-binding protein; Data are presented as( x ± s)or M (1/4, 3/4) unless indicated; *: P < 0.05 compared with healthy controls; $: Comparison with T2DM group P < 0.05; &: comparison with early DKD group P < 0.05; a χ2 test; b one-way analysis of variance; c rank sum test.