Table 2.

A list of functionally verified components of the Ca²⁺-mediated and ABA-dependent pathways involved in salt tolerance in soybean

Putative function	Gene	Role in salt tolerance	References
Ca2+-mediated pathway
P-type II Ca2+ ATPase	GsACA1	Overexpression in alfalfa enhances salt tolerance	(Sun et al. 2016)
Calmodulin	GmCam4	Overexpression in soybean enhances salt tolerance Silencing in soybean leads to increased salt sensitivity	(Rao et al. 2014)
Calcineurin B-like protein	GmCBL1	Overexpression in Arabidopsis enhances salt tolerance	(Li et al. 2012)
Calcineurin B-like protein	GmCBL4	Overexpression in soybean hairy roots enhances salt tolerance	(Li et al. 2022a)
Calmodulin-binding protein	GmCBP60A-1	Overexpression in Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots enhances salt tolerance RNAi soybean hairy roots show increased salt sensitivity	(Yu et al. 2021)
Calcium-dependent calmodulin-binding receptor-like kinase	GsCBRLK	Overexpression in Arabidopsis and soybean enhances salt tolerance	(Ji et al. 2016b; Yang et al. 2010)
Calcium-dependent protein kinase	GmCDPK3	Overexpression in Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots enhances salt tolerance RNAi soybean hairy roots show increased salt sensitivity	(Wang et al. 2019a)
Calcineurin B-like protein interacting protein kinase	GmCIPK2	Overexpression in Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots enhances salt tolerance RNAi soybean hairy roots show increased salt sensitivity	(Li et al. 2022a)
Calcineurin B-like protein interacting protein kinase	GmCIPK21	Overexpression in Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots enhances salt tolerance RNAi soybean hairy roots show increased salt sensitivity	(Wang et al. 2019a)
Calmodulin-like protein	GsCML27	Overexpression in Arabidopsis leads to increased salt sensitivity	(Chen et al. 2015a)
Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase	GmPKS4	Overexpression in Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots enhances salt tolerance	(Ketehouli et al. 2021)
ABA-mediated pathway
Drought-induced protein	GmDi19-5	Overexpression in Arabidopsis shows increased salt and ABA sensitivities	(Feng et al. 2015)
F-box protein	GmFBX176	Overexpression in Arabidopsis shows increased salt sensitivity and reduced ABA sensitivity	(Yu et al. 2020)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	GmG6PH7	Overexpression in Arabidopsis enhances salt tolerance	(Jin et al. 2010)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase	GmMMK1	Overexpression in Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots leads to increased salt sensitivity	(Liao et al. 2021)
Nodule autoregulation receptor kinase	GmNARK	Overexpression in Arabidopsis leads to increased salt and ABA sensitivities	(Cheng et al. 2018)
U-box E3-ubiquitin ligase	GmPUB21	Overexpression in tobacco leads to increased salt sensitivity Knock-down soybean shows increased salt sensitivity	(Yang et al. 2022)
Receptor-like cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase	GsRLCK	Overexpression in Arabidopsis enhances salt tolerance and reduces ABA sensitivity	(Sun et al. 2013a)
Stress-associated protein	GmSAP16	Overexpression in Arabidopsis enhances salt tolerance and ABA sensitivity	(Zhang et al. 2019b)
S-phase kinase-associated protein 1	GmSK1	Overexpression in tobacco enhances salt tolerance	(Chen et al. 2018b)
Salt tolerance 1	GmST1	Overexpression in Arabidopsis enhances salt tolerance and ABA sensitivity	(Ren et al. 2016)
With No Lysine serine-threonine kinase	GmWNK1	Overexpression in Arabidopsis enhances salt and ABA tolerance	(Wang et al. 2011b)
Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase	Gs5PTase8	Overexpression in Arabidopsis and soybean hairy roots enhances salt tolerance	(Jia et al. 2020)