Adjustment for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension medication use, heart rate, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol medication, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, current smoking, prevalent coronary heart disease. HR and 95% CIs are plotted in log-scale. ARIC = Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; HF = heart failure; HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.