TABLE 1.
Basic Characteristics Among Individuals at Visit 5 Without Prevalent HF
| Overall (N = 5,324) | Stage Anew (n = 998) | Stage Bnew | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage Becho only (n = 852) | Stage Bbiomarker only (n = 1,123) | Stage Becho+biomarker (n = 2,351) | ||||
| Age, y | 75.8 (5.2) | 73.3 (4.2) | 73.9 (4.7) | 75.9 (4.9) | 77.5 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Women | 58.6 | 61.4 | 65.1 | 56.4 | 56.2 | <0.001 |
| Black | 23.7 | 26.6 | 32.7 | 18.2 | 21.9 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 131.6 (18.4) | 127.7 (15.8) | 130.6 (17.5) | 131.5 (17.1) | 133.8 (19.9) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 67.1 (10.7) | 68.0 (9.4) | 68.8 (10.3) | 66.9 (10.5) | 66.2 (11.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension medication use | 73.5 | 74.4 | 67.1 | 76.3 | 73.5 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 62.6 (10.6) | 63.5 (9.9) | 63.3 (11.2) | 62.0 (9.6) | 62.2 (11.1) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 35.3 | 33.4 | 36.0 | 32.1 | 37.5 | 0.010 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 25.2 | 24.8 | 27.8 | 22.1 | 25.9 | 0.022 |
| TC, mg/dL | 180.5 (41.7) | 182.3 (40.1) | 186.2 (42.3) | 181.8 (42.7) | 177.0 (41.4) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 51.7 (13.9) | 51.8 (13.3) | 52.3 (13.4) | 52.5 (15.0) | 51.0 (13.7) | 0.017 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication | 57.1 | 55.8 | 53.5 | 58.9 | 58.1 | 0.052 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.0 (5.7) | 29.3 (5.2) | 29.6 (5.7) | 28.4 (5.3) | 29.0 (6.1) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 69.3 (17.4) | 74.6 (14.5) | 76.9 (15.1) | 65.8 (16.6) | 66.0 (18.2) | <0.001 |
| Current cigarette smoking | 5.9 | 5.2 | 7.0 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 0.468 |
| Prevalent CHD | 15.5 | 9.2 | 7.8 | 15.7 | 20.9 | <0.001 |
| High education level | 43.0 | 46.3 | 46.6 | 40.9 | 41.2 | 0.001 |
Values are n (%) or mean ± SD compared using analysis of variance, unless otherwise indicated. Categorical variable presented as percentage compared using chi-squared test. Stage A = risk factors with no structural/functional abnormalities on echo and no elevated biomarker; Stage Becho only = Stage B heart failure (HF) defined by structural/functional abnormalities on echo without elevated biomarkers; Stage Bbiomarker only = elevated biomarkers in the presence of risk factors without structural/functional abnormalities on echo; Stage Becho+biomarker = Stage B HF defined by structural and functional abnormalities and biomarker elevation; Stage Bnew = Stage B defined by the new heart failure guideline which includes biomarker elevation (in the presence of risk factors) or cardiac structural/functional abnormalities.
BMI = body mass index; CHD = coronary heart disease; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP = systolic blood pressure; TC = total cholesterol.