Table 2.
Association of HF Stages With Incident HF Events and All-Cause Death
| Stage Anew (n = 998) | Stage Becho only (n = 852) | Stage Bbiomarker only (n = 1,123) | Stage Becho+biomarker (n = 2,351) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HF events | ||||
| n | 32 | 63 | 96 | 539 |
| IR (95% CI) | 4.7 (3.3-6.7) | 11.2 (8.7-14.3) | 15.9 (10.7-15.9) | 40.0 (36.8-43.5) |
| IRR (95% CI) | Ref. | 2.4 (1.9-3.0) | 3.4 (2.3-3.4) | 8.5 (7.8-9.2) |
| Model 1 | Ref. | 2.20 (1.44-3.36) | 2.40 (1.61-3.57) | 6.77 (4.73-9.69) |
| Model 2 | Ref. | 2.24 (1.45-3.47) | 2.07 (1.37-3.12) | 5.44 (3.77-7.85) |
|
| ||||
| HFrEF | ||||
| n | 10 | 13 | 17 | 110 |
| IR (95% CI) | 1.8 (1.0-3.3) | 2.7 (1.6-4.7) | 3.0 (1.9-4.9) | 11.7 (9.7-14.1) |
| IRR (95% CI) | Ref. | 1.6 (0.9-2.7) | 1.7 (1.1-2.8) | 6.6 (5.5-8.0) |
| Model 1 | Ref. | 1.46 (0.65-3.32) | 1.49 (0.68-3.27) | 5.26 (2.70-10.24) |
| Model 2 | Ref. | 1.63 (0.72-3.67) | 1.42 (0.63-3.21) | 5.20 (2.64-10.26) |
|
| ||||
| HFpEF | ||||
| n | 22 | 29 | 31 | 162 |
| IR (95% CI) | 3.9 (2.6-5.9) | 6.2 (4.3-8.9) | 5.5 (3.9-7.9) | 17.4 (14.9-20.3) |
| IRR (95% CI) | Ref. | 1.6 (1.1-2.3) | 1.4 (1.0-2.0) | 4.5 (3.8-5.2) |
| Model 1 | Ref. | 1.50 (0.86-2.60) | 1.24 (0.72-2.14) | 3.57 (2.26-5.66) |
| Model 2 | Ref. | 1.44 (0.82-2.55) | 1.10 (0.63-1.95) | 3.08 (1.91-4.94) |
|
| ||||
| All-cause death | ||||
| n | 85 | 96 | 205 | 750 |
| IR (95% CI) | 12.5 (10.1-15.5) | 16.8 (13.8-20.6) | 27.5 (24.0-31.5) | 52.4 (48.8-56.3) |
| IRR (95% CI) | Ref. | 1.3 (1.1-1.7) | 2.2 (1.9-2.5) | 4.2 (3.9-4.5) |
| Model 1 | Ref. | 1.35 (0.97-1.89) | 1.93 (1.42-2.62) | 2.70 (2.05-3.54) |
| Model 2 | Ref. | 1.26 (0.87-1.82) | 2.06 (1.49-2.84) | 2.76 (2.06-3.69) |
Stage B by biomarker defined as NT-proBNP ≥125 pg/mL and/or hs-TnT ≥14 ng/L. IR expressed as per 1,000-person years and compared by IRR. Association expressed as HR (95% CI). Stages defined as in Table 1. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, and race; model 2 adjusted for model 1 plus SBP, DBP, hypertension medication use, heart rate, diabetes, TC, HDL-C, cholesterol-lowering medication, BMI, eGFR, current smoking, prevalent CHD, and education level.
HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; IR = incidence rate; IRR = incidence rate ratio; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; Ref. = reference; other abbreviations as in Table 1.