Table 2. Results of multivariate regression analyses of factors affecting children’s self-report of pain in triage.
| Variable | Pain score ≥1 | Pain score ≥4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | 95% CI | P value | aOR | 95% CI | P value | ||
| Older age | 1.15 | (1.13–1.17) | <0.0001 | 1.15 | (1.12–1.16) | <0.0001 | |
| Patient sex | |||||||
| Female | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – | |
| Male | 1.05 | (0.89–1.24) | 0.53 | 1.1 | (0.93–1.31) | 0.27 | |
| Triage acuity level* | |||||||
| 5 | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – | |
| 3–4 | 2.01 | (1.54–2.62) | <0.0001 | 2.09 | (1.73–2.51) | <0.0001 | |
| 2 | 2.27 | (1.90–2.70) | <0.0001 | 2.15 | (1.63–2.84) | <0.0001 | |
| 24-hour time of arrival | |||||||
| 07:01–15:00 | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – | |
| 15:01–23:00 | 1.12 | (0.94–1.34) | 0.19 | 1.02 | (0.85–1.20) | 0.79 | |
| 23:01–07:00 | 1.06 | (0.84–1.35) | 0.64 | 1.14 | (0.89–1.46) | 0.30 | |
| Medical | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – | |
| Trauma | 1.97 | (1.67–2.31) | <0.0001 | 1.68 | (1.41–1.99) | <0.0001 | |
| Nurse experience | |||||||
| More than 10 years | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – | |
| 5–10 years | 1.03 | (0.79–1.35) | 0.82 | 1.07 | (0.79–1.43) | 0.62 | |
| Less than 5 years | 1.12 | (0.95–1.26) | 0.86 | 1.14 | (0.93–1.34) | 0.76 | |
| Nurse’s face mask | |||||||
| Clear | Reference | – | – | Reference | – | – | |
| Surgical | 0.68 | (0.56–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.71 | (0.58–0.86) | <0.001 | |
*, based on the PaedCTAS. Level 1—patient requires immediate evaluation and care, level 2—patient requires evaluation and care within 15 min, level 3—patient requires evaluation and care within 30 min, level 4—patient requires evaluation and care within 60 min, and level 5—patient requires evaluation and care within 120 min. Patients who receive triage level 1 were excluded from the study. aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PaedCTAS, Paediatric Canadian Triage Acuity Scale.